> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.near.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Accounts / Contracts
> Learn to query information from accounts and contracts using the NEAR RPC API.
The RPC API enables you to view details about accounts and contracts as well as perform contract calls.
## Quick Reference
| Method | Purpose |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| [`view_account`](#view-account) | Get basic account information |
| [`view_account_changes`](#view-account-changes) | Monitor account state changes |
| [`view_access_key`](#view-access-key) | Get the nonce and permissions of a single access key |
| [`view_access_key_list`](#view-access-key-list) | List all access keys on an account |
| [`view_gas_key_nonces`](#view-gas-key-nonces) | List the parallel nonces of a gas key |
| [`view_code`](#view-contract-code) | Get deployed contract WASM code |
| [`view_state`](#view-contract-state) | Get contract storage data |
| [`data_changes`](#view-contract-state-changes) | Monitor contract state changes |
| [`contract_code_changes`](#view-contract-code-changes) | Monitor contract deployments |
| [`call_function`](#call-a-contract-function) | Execute read-only contract methods |
***
## View Account
Returns basic account information.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_account`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_account",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "account.rpc-examples.testnet"
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_account',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'account.rpc-examples.testnet',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_account","finality":"final","account_id":"account.rpc-examples.testnet"}'
```
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"amount": "999788200694421800000000",
"block_hash": "56xEo2LorUFVNbkFhCncFSWNiobdp1kzm14nZ47b5JVW",
"block_height": 187440904,
"code_hash": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
"locked": "0",
"storage_usage": 410
},
"id": "dontcare"
}
```
***
## View Account Changes
Returns account changes from transactions in a given account.
* **method**: `changes`
* **params**: `changes_type: account_changes`, `account_ids`, `finality` OR `block_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "changes",
"params": {
"changes_type": "account_changes",
"account_ids": ["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],
"block_id": 187310139
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org" });
const response = await provider.accountChanges(
['contract.rpc-examples.testnet'],
{ blockId: 187310139 }
);
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=changes \
params:='{"changes_type":"account_changes","account_ids":["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],"block_id":187310139}'
```
***
## View Access Key
Returns the nonce and permissions of a single [access key](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys), given the account and the key's public key.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_access_key`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`, `public_key`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_access_key",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "account.rpc-examples.testnet",
"public_key": "ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa"
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_access_key',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'account.rpc-examples.testnet',
public_key: 'ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_access_key","finality":"final","account_id":"account.rpc-examples.testnet","public_key":"ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa"}'
```
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"nonce": 187310139000001,
"permission": "FullAccess",
"block_hash": "56xEo2LorUFVNbkFhCncFSWNiobdp1kzm14nZ47b5JVW",
"block_height": 187440904
},
"id": "dontcare"
}
```
For a function-call key, `permission` is an object instead of the `"FullAccess"` string:
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
"permission": {
"FunctionCall": {
"allowance": "250000000000000000000000",
"receiver_id": "contract.rpc-examples.testnet",
"method_names": ["get_greeting"]
}
}
```
For a [gas key](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys#gas-keys), `permission` also carries the key's prepaid `balance` and number of nonce lanes (`num_nonces`). A full-access gas key uses `GasKeyFullAccess`:
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
"permission": {
"GasKeyFullAccess": {
"balance": "5000000000000000000000000",
"num_nonces": 8
}
}
```
A function-call gas key uses `GasKeyFunctionCall`, which is a flat object carrying the same function-call restrictions (`allowance`, `receiver_id`, `method_names`) as `FunctionCall`, alongside the gas-key `balance` and `num_nonces`:
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
"permission": {
"GasKeyFunctionCall": {
"balance": "5000000000000000000000000",
"num_nonces": 8,
"allowance": "250000000000000000000000",
"receiver_id": "contract.rpc-examples.testnet",
"method_names": ["get_greeting"]
}
}
```
The nonces of the individual lanes are not included — query them with [`view_gas_key_nonces`](#view-gas-key-nonces).
For a post-quantum [`ml-dsa-65`](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys#signature-schemes) key, pass the **full** `ml-dsa-65:` public key in `public_key`. The network hashes it to locate the on-chain entry, so you query it exactly like an `ed25519` or `secp256k1` key.
***
## View Access Key List
Returns all [access keys](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys) for an account, each with its nonce and permissions.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_access_key_list`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_access_key_list",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "account.rpc-examples.testnet"
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_access_key_list',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'account.rpc-examples.testnet',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_access_key_list","finality":"final","account_id":"account.rpc-examples.testnet"}'
```
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"keys": [
{
"public_key": "ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa",
"access_key": {
"nonce": 187310139000001,
"permission": "FullAccess"
}
},
{
"public_key": "ml-dsa-65-hash:7Xx2X4vHb9dG8pJ5tZqD3mN6kRfWcA1sLuYoP2eB4hT",
"access_key": {
"nonce": 187420021000003,
"permission": "FullAccess"
}
}
],
"block_hash": "56xEo2LorUFVNbkFhCncFSWNiobdp1kzm14nZ47b5JVW",
"block_height": 187440904
},
"id": "dontcare"
}
```
Post-quantum [`ml-dsa-65`](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys#signature-schemes) keys are stored on-chain by hash, so they appear here with an `ml-dsa-65-hash:` prefix (a base58-encoded 32-byte SHA3-256 digest) rather than the full `ml-dsa-65:` key. To match an entry to one of your own keys, derive its handle — the SHA3-256 of the domain-separation tag `near:ml-dsa-65-pubkey-hash:v1` followed by the raw public key — and compare it against the returned value (hashing the key without that prefix will not match).
***
## View Gas Key Nonces
Returns the current nonce of every parallel nonce lane of a [gas key](/protocol/accounts-contracts/access-keys#gas-keys), given the account and the key's public key. The array is indexed by `nonce_index`: the first element is lane `0`, the second is lane `1`, and so on. Use [`view_access_key`](#view-access-key) to see the gas key's balance and permission.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_gas_key_nonces`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`, `public_key`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_gas_key_nonces",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "account.rpc-examples.testnet",
"public_key": "ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa"
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_gas_key_nonces',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'account.rpc-examples.testnet',
public_key: 'ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_gas_key_nonces","finality":"final","account_id":"account.rpc-examples.testnet","public_key":"ed25519:DCkbTMS8s4kqV4nGvz5kRBdNbY9YwjjvNGNXKpAg2eFa"}'
```
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"nonces": [
187438921000012,
187438921000003,
187438921000000,
187438921000000
],
"block_hash": "56xEo2LorUFVNbkFhCncFSWNiobdp1kzm14nZ47b5JVW",
"block_height": 187440904
},
"id": "dontcare"
}
```
Each lane starts at `block_height * 10^6` from when the key was added and advances independently as transactions use it.
Querying a key that exists but is not a gas key (or does not exist at all) returns an `UnknownGasKey` error.
***
## View Contract Code
Returns the contract code (Wasm binary) deployed to the account. The returned code is encoded in base64.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_code`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_code",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "contract.rpc-examples.testnet"
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_code',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'contract.rpc-examples.testnet',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_code","finality":"final","account_id":"contract.rpc-examples.testnet"}'
```
***
## View Contract State
Returns the state (key-value pairs) of a contract based on a key prefix (base64 encoded). Pass an empty string for `prefix_base64` to return the entire state.
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: view_state`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`, `prefix_base64`
By default, RPC nodes only return up to **50kB** of contract state. If the contract's state exceeds this limit, the query will return an error. To query larger state, use an archival node and paginate with `prefix_base64`.
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "view_state",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "contract.rpc-examples.testnet",
"prefix_base64": ""
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'view_state',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'contract.rpc-examples.testnet',
prefix_base64: '',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"view_state","finality":"final","account_id":"contract.rpc-examples.testnet","prefix_base64":""}'
```
***
## View Contract State Changes
Returns state change details of a contract based on a key prefix (base64 encoded).
* **method**: `changes`
* **params**: `changes_type: data_changes`, `account_ids`, `key_prefix_base64`, `finality` OR `block_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "changes",
"params": {
"changes_type": "data_changes",
"account_ids": ["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],
"key_prefix_base64": "",
"block_id": 187310139
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org" });
const response = await provider.contractStateChanges(
['contract.rpc-examples.testnet'],
{ blockId: 187310139 },
''
);
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=changes \
params:='{"changes_type":"data_changes","account_ids":["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],"key_prefix_base64":"","block_id":187310139}'
```
***
## View Contract Code Changes
Returns code changes made when deploying a contract. Change is returned as a base64 encoded WASM file.
* **method**: `changes`
* **params**: `changes_type: contract_code_changes`, `account_ids`, `finality` OR `block_id`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "changes",
"params": {
"changes_type": "contract_code_changes",
"account_ids": ["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],
"block_id": 187309439
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org" });
const response = await provider.contractCodeChanges(
['contract.rpc-examples.testnet'],
{ blockId: 187309439 }
);
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=changes \
params:='{"changes_type":"contract_code_changes","account_ids":["contract.rpc-examples.testnet"],"block_id":187309439}'
```
***
## Call a Contract Function
Allows you to call a contract method as a view function (read-only).
* **method**: `query`
* **params**: `request_type: call_function`, `finality` OR `block_id`, `account_id`, `method_name`, `args_base64`
```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": "dontcare",
"method": "query",
"params": {
"request_type": "call_function",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "contract.rpc-examples.testnet",
"method_name": "get_greeting",
"args_base64": ""
}
}
```
```js theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
import { JsonRpcProvider } from "near-api-js";
const provider = new JsonRpcProvider({ url: "https://test.rpc.fastnear.com" });
const response = await provider.query({
request_type: 'call_function',
finality: 'final',
account_id: 'contract.rpc-examples.testnet',
method_name: 'get_greeting',
args_base64: '',
});
```
```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
http POST https://rpc.testnet.near.org \
jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{"request_type":"call_function","finality":"final","account_id":"contract.rpc-examples.testnet","method_name":"get_greeting","args_base64":""}'
```
***
## Error Handling
| Error Code | Description | Solution |
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| `UnknownAccount` | Account does not exist | Check account ID spelling |
| `InvalidAccount` | Invalid account format | Use valid account ID (e.g., `account.near`) |
| `UnknownBlock` | Block not found | Use a valid block hash or height |
| `UnknownGasKey` | Key is not a gas key or does not exist | Check the public key and that it was added as a gas key |
| `GarbageCollectedBlock` | Block too old | Use archival node or more recent block |
| `NoContractCode` | No contract deployed | Verify the account has a deployed contract |
| `MethodNotFound` | Contract method does not exist | Check method name and contract ABI |
| `InvalidArgs` | Invalid method arguments | Verify args format and encoding |