Exchange Integration
Transaction Reference Links
Native NEAR (Ⓝ)
Balance Changes
Balance changes on accounts can be tracked by using our changes RPC endpoint. You can test this out by sending tokens to an account using NEAR-CLI and then viewing the changes made.
Prerequisites
- NEAR Account
- NEAR-CLI
- Credentials for sender account stored locally by running
near login
Send Tokens
- Send tokens using
near send
near send sender.testnet receiver.testnet 1
- You should see a result in your terminal that looks something like this:
Sending 1 NEAR to receiver.testnet from sender.testnet
Transaction Id 4To336bYcoGc3LMucJPMk6fMk5suKfCrdNotrRtTxqDy
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/4To336bYcoGc3LMucJPMk6fMk5suKfCrdNotrRtTxqDy
View Balance Changes
- Open the transaction URL in NEAR Explorer and copy the
BLOCK HASH. - Using the
BLOCK HASHand the accountId, query the changes RPC endpoint to view changes.
Example Query using HTTPie:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare \
method=EXPERIMENTAL_changes \
'params:={
"block_id": "CJ24svU3C9FaULVjcNVnWuVZjK6mNaQ8p6AMyUDMqB37",
"changes_type": "account_changes",
"account_ids": ["sender.testnet"]
}'
Example Response:
{
"id": "dontcare",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"block_hash": "BRgE4bjmUo33jmiVBcZaWGkSLVeL7TTi4ZxYTvJdPbB9",
"changes": [
{
"cause": {
"tx_hash": "4To336bYcoGc3LMucJPMk6fMk5suKfCrdNotrRtTxqDy",
"type": "transaction_processing"
},
"change": {
"account_id": "sender.testnet",
"amount": "11767430014412510000000000",
"code_hash": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
"locked": "0",
"storage_paid_at": 0,
"storage_usage": 806
},
"type": "account_update"
}
]
}
}
Alternatively, you can view account balances by querying view_account which only requires an accountId.
Example HTTPie Request:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \
params:='{
"request_type": "view_account",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "sender.testnet"
}'
Example Response:
{
"id": "dontcare",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"amount": "11767430683960197500000000",
"block_hash": "HUiscpNyoyR5z1UdnZhAJLNz1G8UjBrFTecSYqCrvdfW",
"block_height": 50754977,
"code_hash": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
"locked": "0",
"storage_paid_at": 0,
"storage_usage": 806
}
}
Note: Gas prices can change between blocks. Even for transactions with deterministic gas cost the cost in NEAR could also be different. You can query the gas price for recent blocks using the gas_price RPC endpoint.
Accounts
Please see the documentation for accounts for basic information.
- For exchanges, NEAR supports implicit account creation which allows the creation of accounts without paying for transactions.
- You can create an implicit account by following the steps in this guide.
- Accounts must have enough tokens to cover its storage which currently costs 0.0001 NEAR per byte. This equates to a minimum balance of 0.0182 NEAR for an account with one access key. You can query the live storage price using the
protocol-configRPC endpoint. For more details on storage fees see this section of the economics paper.
Transfer from Function Call
NEAR allows transfers to happen within a function call. More importantly, when an account is deployed with some contract, it is possible that the only way to transfer tokens from that account is through a function call. Therefore, exchanges need to support transfers through function calls as well. We recommend the following approach:
Exchange can query block by height to get blocks on each height, and for every block,
query its chunk to obtain the transactions included in the block. For each transaction,
query its status to see the receipts generated from
transactions. Since exchanges are only interested in transfers to their addresses, they only need to filter receipts that
only contain Transfer action and whose predecessor_id is not system (receipts with predecessor_id equal to system
are refunds). Then, to check whether the receipt succeeds, it is sufficient
to look for the receipt_id in receipts_outcome and see if its status is SuccessValue.
Alternatively, exchange can use the indexer framework to help index on-chain data which include receipts. An example usage of the indexer can be found here.
Below we include examples from the contracts that are likely to be used to perform transfers through function calls.
Example of transfer from a lockup contract
A contract evgeny.lockup.near is deployed and we can check its owner by
> near view evgeny.lockup.near get_owner_account_id
View call: evgeny.lockup.near.get_owner_account_id()
'evgeny.near'
Now we want to transfer some unlocked tokens (1 NEAR) with the following call
near call evgeny.lockup.near transfer '{"amount":"1000000000000000000000000", "receiver_id": "evgeny.near"}' --accountId=evgeny.near
Note: the response below can be obtained by hitting the RPC with the transaction hash and NEAR account like this:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=txstatus method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='[ "GXP8YaSonoN2eBY6dB3FbMN2NyYD2JeJJvKdvbL4Jmb2", "evgeny.near"]'
Example Response:
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIiwicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJldmdlbnkubmVhciJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.lockup.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "19200274886926125000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18655658845681462514128"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "9boEKq9G1UFsEuzmuQrxh5dkRc8xsv8PSPGEkYiTyRLj",
"id": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"gas_burnt": 3574640311481,
"logs": [
"Transferring 1000000000000000000000000 to account @evgeny.near"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC"
},
"tokens_burnt": "357464031148100000000"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv"],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AwHdk5dushTSXHFBt3R5MiexjiXybwdnEaB7L9iJ5F6t"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "46788Ay85YGnQaH5tfbboQNWJs3gyXsPbcWzRyxqw56K",
"id": "J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "9RRJpH5VdDxsHpp323EshcAauV5wUNDyW9FpEJBRXXq8"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIiwicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJldmdlbnkubmVhciJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "transfer"
}
}
],
"hash": "GXP8YaSonoN2eBY6dB3FbMN2NyYD2JeJJvKdvbL4Jmb2",
"nonce": 6,
"public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"signature": "ed25519:4nfzTMpQJKCY3KaqUTFig4Xy9uxwbMeQpMJjtNKsXmwiVqgcVSWRguZEgZM8L2x1jvdpZHsYjLCxc9cSBamXuXPH",
"signer_id": "evgeny.near"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "4u7maz2U43W4DPxqQE8KoRNi5dTRHrAsKsFk2qDQsQEw",
"id": "GXP8YaSonoN2eBY6dB3FbMN2NyYD2JeJJvKdvbL4Jmb2",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 2428086459116,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU"],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242808645911600000000"
},
"proof": []
}
}
}
As we can see, there are four receipts generated in this function call. If we apply the criteria mentioned above, we can
find in receipts field this object
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
}
which contains only Transfer action and whose predecessor_id is not system. Now we can check the status of the
execution by looking for the same receipt id EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC in receipts_outcome field
of the rpc return result, this leads us to this execution outcome
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv"],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AwHdk5dushTSXHFBt3R5MiexjiXybwdnEaB7L9iJ5F6t"
}
]
}
and its status contains SuccessValue, which indicates that the receipt has succeeded. Therefore we know that
1000000000000000000000000 yoctoNEAR, or 1 NEAR has been successfully transferred.
Example of transfer from a multisig contract
Mutisig contract, as the name suggests, uses multiple signatures to confirm a transaction and therefore, actions performed by the multisig contract involves multiple transactions. In the following example, we will show a how a transfer is done from a mutlisig contract that requires two confirmations.
- First step:
add_request_and_confirm. This initiates the action that the multisig contract wants to perform with one confirmation. The multisig contractmultsigtest.testnetwants to transfer 1 NEAR tobowenand it first sends a transaction that callsadd_request_and_confirmwith a request
{
"request": {
"receiver_id": "bowen",
"actions": [
{
"type": "Transfer",
"amount": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
]
}
}
that indicates it wants to transfer 1 NEAR to bowen. Notice that this transaction only records the action
but does not perform the actual transfer. The transaction result is as follows:
Example Response:
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "3069687780141648922140"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:JDewsbE7nz6orFD4zJ3mVzqhfcaoSD6Hmi5as3AHHiTt"
}
},
"receipt_id": "4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "6uJWHTvUrtFQAurUyfuAfy9EdoR9FhLodGh44aHJta6m",
"id": "94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 8024094920263,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD"],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "OA=="
},
"tokens_burnt": "802409492026300000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "GedzmwRkxA5VkT8GLBCnrPUmnEhWPXadPmiq4Ho1s9pH"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "GirkzdS9YpsAz5fXuL5T3rXd93aRcnXNAdXYi241qpWK"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "4JyQ6guJKeWZxxXrKndLDuSa5URuirmBi6RzsbKYFsBE",
"id": "4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "OA=="
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZXF1ZXN0Ijp7InJlY2VpdmVyX2lkIjoiYm93ZW4iLCJhY3Rpb25zIjpbeyJ0eXBlIjoiVHJhbnNmZXIiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn1dfX0=",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 30000000000000,
"method_name": "add_request_and_confirm"
}
}
],
"hash": "FGREJkC1e8y95Rc35iD1LVRiDy1WcAZhAxxkSinfb2mL",
"nonce": 10,
"public_key": "ed25519:JDewsbE7nz6orFD4zJ3mVzqhfcaoSD6Hmi5as3AHHiTt",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signature": "ed25519:3NUKXd4uj2eEBqGQtRAxkTFW7UfG44tjvQNNHBDvN9ZswTTMRsDrMJSd1U3GqWF7QToqWQR9J8atNEVTemSWYw41",
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "6uJWHTvUrtFQAurUyfuAfy9EdoR9FhLodGh44aHJta6m",
"id": "FGREJkC1e8y95Rc35iD1LVRiDy1WcAZhAxxkSinfb2mL",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2428204963618,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth"],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242820496361800000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AsNAQabPFkmaugRGhCbzcEcR8Gnd22WXxPM2fb2cwHiv"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "GirkzdS9YpsAz5fXuL5T3rXd93aRcnXNAdXYi241qpWK"
}
]
}
}
}
- Second step:
confirm. A second transaction is sent to confirm the transfer. This transaction takes the request id returned by the first transaction and does the actual transfer. The transaction result is as follows
Example Response:
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "451542320",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"receiver_id": "bowen"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "78458115804795000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "112870156274913516718240"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "9JEiMrZ1SpAUEbQswde3Diptzwy35Vrvd41VZWG9hYVE",
"id": "FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 10109796553814,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy"
},
"tokens_burnt": "1010979655381400000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "9e2UcG6qBRahBh3V2Z8bGJLh5c4jXfZdP3WBJkCpJCfj"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "bowen",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd"],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "FFWaWUFt6sNx5XNHzGYsYBSYFWtGPoww5XQz1QmLVc8i"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "G6LDdnAa2b38TB4KZ89HAyVgfgyiRPDDgSxoZypbUYpx",
"id": "6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "DpDYAEKZTtSomgyeNcJ2i4qjvfqnCtf1CXa83Cz5wvEy"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZXF1ZXN0X2lkIjo4fQ==",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 250000000000000,
"method_name": "confirm"
}
}
],
"hash": "Fu39vwxC4mu9ks1DZA5Cib63RnBMHpFonk2DcbpioEYc",
"nonce": 9,
"public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signature": "ed25519:2raQq7t3cmzSL2krE2xaNqXhAw7cKMoXrBjT2ZhAGfCVtGwzbbQ8zkB17vrCSFZDbFmPWSJpoqsw8qPZZiorwSzS",
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "9JEiMrZ1SpAUEbQswde3Diptzwy35Vrvd41VZWG9hYVE",
"id": "Fu39vwxC4mu9ks1DZA5Cib63RnBMHpFonk2DcbpioEYc",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2427972426482,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB"],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242797242648200000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "B6hN48qeVP8J3hP8XGcANShM264QkNjgJAfMtsuknqex"
}
]
}
}
}
Notice that similar to the transfer from lockup contract, there is also one receipt in the receipts field that meet
our requirements:
{
"predecessor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "451542320",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"receiver_id": "bowen"
}
and we can find its outcome in receipts_outcome:
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "bowen",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": ["6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd"],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "FFWaWUFt6sNx5XNHzGYsYBSYFWtGPoww5XQz1QmLVc8i"
}
]
}
which indicates that the transaction is successful.
Fungible tokens
Please see the spec for the fungible token standard and an example implementation for reference details.
One notable aspect of the standard is that method names are prefixed with ft_. This will be a helpful convention when querying for transactions related to fungible tokens.
Get balance
Using the abstraction of the NEAR CLI tool, we can check the balance of a user's account with near view:
near view ft.demo.testnet ft_balance_of '{"account_id": "mike.testnet"}'
Returns:
View call: ft.demo.testnet.ft_balance_of({"account_id": "mike.testnet"})
'1000000'
Alternatively, you can call a contract function using the query RPC endpoint. Below is an example using HTTPie:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=ftbalance method=query \
params:='{
"request_type": "call_function",
"finality": "final",
"account_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
"method_name": "ft_balance_of",
"args_base64": "eyJhY2NvdW50X2lkIjogIm1pa2UudGVzdG5ldCJ9"
}'
Returns:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Alt-Svc: clear
Via: 1.1 google
access-control-allow-origin:
content-length: 176
content-type: application/json
date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:53:38 GMT
{
"id": "dontcare",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"block_hash": "3mvNHpZAsXiJ6SuHU1mbLVB4iXCfh5i5d41pnkaSoaJ5",
"block_height": 49282350,
"logs": [],
"result": [ 34, 49, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34 ]
}
}
As mentioned earlier, the result is an array of bytes. There are various ways to convert bytes into a more human-readable form such as the dtool CLI.
dtool a2h '[34,49,48,48,48,48,48,48,34]' | dtool h2s
Returns:
"1000000"
Note: The fungible token balance of the account mike.testnet is 1000000 wrapped in double-quotes. This is because of an issue with JSON serialization. Amounts given in arguments and results must be serialized as Base-10 strings, e.g. "100". This is done to avoid JSON limitation of max integer value of 2**53, which can certainly happen with fungible tokens.
Get info about the FT
You can get name, decimals, icon and other parameters by calling the next function:
using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> ft_metadataResult:
View call: ft.demo.testnet.ft_metadata() { spec: 'ft-1.0.0', name: 'Example Token Name', symbol: 'MOCHI', icon: null, reference: null, reference_hash: null, decimals: 24 }with JSON RPC call:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=ftmetadata method=query \ params:='{ "request_type": "call_function", "finality": "final", "account_id": "<contract_account_id>", "method_name": "ft_metadata", "args_base64": "" }'Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Alt-Svc: clear Via: 1.1 google access-control-allow-origin: content-length: 604 content-type: application/json date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 15:51:17 GMT { "id": "ftmetadata", "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": { "block_hash": "B3fu3v4dmn19B6oqjHUXN3k5NhdP9EW5kkjyuFUDpa1r", "block_height": 50061565, "logs": [], "result": [ 123, 34, 115, 112, 101, 99, 34, 58, 34, 102, 116, 45, 49, 46, 48, 46, 48, 34, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 69, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101, 32, 84, 111, 107, 101, 110, 32, 78, 97, 109, 101, 34, 44, 34, 115, 121, 109, 98, 111, 108, 34, 58, 34, 77, 79, 67, 72, 73, 34, 44, 34, 105, 99, 111, 110, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 114, 101, 102, 101, 114, 101, 110, 99, 101, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 114, 101, 102, 101, 114, 101, 110, 99, 101, 95, 104, 97, 115, 104, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 100, 101, 99, 105, 109, 97, 108, 115, 34, 58, 50, 52, 125 ] } }Decoded result in this case is:
{ "spec": "ft-1.0.0", "name": "Example Token Name", "symbol": "MOCHI", "icon": null, "reference": null, "reference_hash": null, "decimals": 24 }
Simple transfer
To follow this guide, please check the step by step instructions on how to create a transaction first.
In order to send a fungible token to an account, the receiver must have a storage deposit. This is because each smart contract on NEAR must account for storage used, and each account on a fungible token contract is a key-value pair, taking up a small amount of storage. For more information, please see how storage works in NEAR. To check if account has deposited the storage for this FT do the following:
Get storage balance of the account. storage_balance_of function returns the amount of deposited storage or null if there is no deposit.
using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> storage_balance_of '{"account_id": "<user_account_id>"}'Result:
View call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_balance_of({"account_id": "serhii.testnet"}) nullwith JSON RPC call:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=storagebalanceof method=query \ params:='{ "request_type": "call_function", "finality": "final", "account_id": "ft.demo.testnet", "method_name": "storage_balance_of", "eyJhY2NvdW50X2lkIjogInNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0In0K" }'Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Alt-Svc: clear Via: 1.1 google access-control-allow-origin: content-length: 173 content-type: application/json date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:22:01 GMT { "id": "storagebalanceof", "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": { "block_hash": "EkM2j4yxRVoQ1TCqF2KUb7J4w5G1VsWtMLiycq6k3f53", "block_height": 50054247, "logs": [], "result": [ 110, 117, 108, 108 ] } }Decoded result in this case is
null.
Get the minimum storage required for FT. (The storage used for an account's key-value pair.)
using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> storage_balance_bounds`Result:
View call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_balance_bounds() { min: '1250000000000000000000', max: '1250000000000000000000' }with JSON RPC call
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=storagebalancebounds method=query \ params:='{ "request_type": "call_function", "finality": "final", "account_id": "<contract_account_id>", "method_name": "storage_balance_bounds", "args_base64": "" }'Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Alt-Svc: clear Via: 1.1 google access-control-allow-origin: content-length: 357 content-type: application/json date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 15:42:49 GMT { "id": "storagebalancebounds", "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": { "block_hash": "Fy3mBqwj5nvUDha3X7G61kmUeituHASEX12oCASrChEE", "block_height": 50060878, "logs": [], "result": [ 123, 34, 109, 105, 110, 34, 58, 34, 49, 50, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34, 44, 34, 109, 97, 120, 34, 58, 34, 49, 50, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34, 125 ] } }Decoded result should look similar to:
{ "min": "1250000000000000000000", "max": "1250000000000000000000" }
Basic fungible tokens are simple smart contracts that don't have variable storage as compared to a smart contract that might store free-form text, for instance. The only storage needed is for an accounts key-value pair, which will always be covered by the 1250000000000000000000 yoctoⓃ storage balance.
If there is not enough deposit for the storage or returned value is null - you should deposit more storage with the next command:
using NEAR CLI, don't forget to convert from yoctoⓃ to Ⓝ:
near call <contract_account_id> storage_deposit '' --accountId <user_account_id> --deposit <deposit in Ⓝ>`Result example:
Scheduling a call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_deposit() with attached 0.125 NEAR Transaction Id 9CMrMMt3UzeU63FFrUyFb1gNGuHXxvKfHqYJzyFTAk6z To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser https://explorer.testnet.near.org/transactions/9CMrMMt3UzeU63FFrUyFb1gNGuHXxvKfHqYJzyFTAk6z { total: '1250000000000000000000', available: '0' }with JSON RPC call:
At the top of this section is a link detailing how to construct a transaction without the full abstraction of the near-api-js library. For this and future examples that use the RPC method broadcast_tx_commit we will provide a JSON-like object meant to act similar to pseudocode, only imparting high-level details of a transaction. This code block below is the first example of this, detailing what goes into the transaction discussed currently, involving the method storage_deposit.
Transaction: {
block_hash: `456…abc`,
signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
nonce: 123,
receiver_id: "ft.demo.testnet",
actions: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCallAction {
method_name: storage_deposit,
args: `{}`,
gas: 300000000000000,
deposit: 1250000000000000000000,
},
),
]
}
```bash
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZi/qoVEgrAAAPAAAAZnQuZGVtby50ZXN0bmV0JYbWPOu0P9T32vtUKnZSh+EaoboQqg0/De2i8Y+AjHIBAAAAAg8AAABzdG9yYWdlX2RlcG9zaXQCAAAAe30AQHoQ81oAAAAAILSd2XlDeBoAAAAAAAAAZF7+s4lcHOzy+re59VErt7LcZkPMMUVgOJV8LH5TsLBBv+8h/5tZ6+HFwxSp605A4c46oS9Jw4KBRXZD07lKCg=="]'
```
Example Response:
{
"id": "myid",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "e30=",
"deposit": "125000000000000000000000",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "storage_deposit"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7",
"receiver_id": "ft.demo.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "123750000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "19200274886926125000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18587201427159524319124"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "6Gz6P8N3F447kRc7kkxEhuZRZTzfuTUEagye65bPVGb",
"id": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 4258977405434,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
"kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "eyJ0b3RhbCI6IjEyNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAiLCJhdmFpbGFibGUiOiIwIn0="
},
"tokens_burnt": "425897740543400000000"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "J6YXMnLPfLEPyvL3fWdhWPzpWAeW8zNY2CwAFwAg9tfr",
"id": "7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "D6tGfHwKh21PqzhBTsdKCsTtZvXFDkmH39dQiQBoGN3w"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "HRRF7N1PphZ46eN5g4DjqEgYHBYM76yGiXSTYWsfMGoy",
"id": "2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "J6YXMnLPfLEPyvL3fWdhWPzpWAeW8zNY2CwAFwAg9tfr",
"id": "kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "1uVJZ8vNQpHMwPA38DYJjk9PpvnHDhsDcMxrTXcwf1s"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "eyJ0b3RhbCI6IjEyNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAiLCJhdmFpbGFibGUiOiIwIn0="
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "e30=",
"deposit": "125000000000000000000000",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "storage_deposit"
}
}
],
"hash": "6sDUF1f5hebpybUbipNJer5ez13EY4HW1VBJEBqZjCEm",
"nonce": 47589658000011,
"public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
"receiver_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
"signature": "ed25519:31PfuinsVvM1o2CmiZbSguFkZKYqAtkf5PHerfexhDbC3SsJWDzRFBpoUYTNDJddhKeqs93GQ3SHtUyqaSYhhQ9X",
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "5XiuxzTpyw6p2NTD5AqrZYNW7SHvpj8MhUCyn1x2KSQR",
"id": "6sDUF1f5hebpybUbipNJer5ez13EY4HW1VBJEBqZjCEm",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2427959010878,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242795901087800000000"
},
"proof": []
}
}
}
Transfer the tokens:
using NEAR CLI:
near call <contract_account_id> ft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "<receiver_account_id>", "amount": "1"}' --accountId <sender_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001Result example:
Scheduling a call: berryclub.ek.near.ft_transfer({"receiver_id": "volovyk.near", "amount": "1"}) with attached 0.000000000000000000000001 NEAR Receipt: GDeE3Kv1JHgs71A22NEUbgq55r2Hvcnis8gCMyJtQ2mx Log [berryclub.ek.near]: Transfer 1 from serhii.near to volovyk.near Transaction Id 3MkWKbXVP8wyy4pBofELqiE1pwx7ie2v3SKCwaobNcEe To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser https://explorer.mainnet.near.org/transactions/3MkWKbXVP8wyy4pBofELqiE1pwx7ie2v3SKCwaobNcEe ''with JSON RPC call:
Transaction representation:
Transaction: {
block_hash: `456…abc`,
signer_id: "serhii.near",
public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
nonce: 123,
receiver_id: "berryclub.ek.near",
actions: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCallAction {
method_name: ft_transfer,
args: `{"receiver_id": "volovyk.near", "amount": "1"}`,
gas: 300000000000000,
deposit: 1,
},
),
]
}
```bash
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
params:='["CwAAAHNlcmhpaS5uZWFyAAmQpgZcJM5nMc6f3tqmw/YI4eAvc84ZgsKMRRRzhY/6CQAAAAAAAAARAAAAYmVycnljbHViLmVrLm5lYXLLWPIiUOElkDF3u4hLAMJ0Sjeo1V338pDdHIp70va3ewEAAAACCwAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyKwAAAHsicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJ2b2xvdnlrLm5lYXIiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxIn0AQHoQ81oAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA7fDOZQt3zCtdS05Y8XaZFlwO/Gd5wkkNAHShzDiLQXk4Q4ixpraLPMJivs35PZD0gocXl1iGFbQ46NG3VllzCA=="]'
```
To get details of this transaction:
http post https://archival-rpc.mainnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='["2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX", "serhii.near"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
"id": "myid",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "serhii.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQ==",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
}
},
"receipt_id": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur",
"receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18418055677558685763688"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE",
"receiver_id": "serhii.near"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "6Re4NTkKzD7maKx3MuoxzYVHQKqjgnXW8rNjGjeVx8YC",
"id": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
"gas_burnt": 6365774114160,
"logs": [
"Transfer 1 from serhii.near to volovyk.near"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "636577411416000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "2eUmWnLExsH5jb6mALY9jTC8FiQH4FcuxQ16tn7RfkYr"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "266d5QfDKXNbAWJgXMJXgLP97VwoMiC4Qyt8wH7xcs1Q"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "EkJAuJigdVSZj41yGXSZYAtDV7Xwe2Hv9Xsqcv6LUZvq"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "3XMoeEdm1zE64aByFuWCrZaxfbvsjMHRFcL8Wsp95vyt",
"id": "EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "EGC9ZPJHTbmCs3aQDuCkFQboGLBxU2uzrSZMsp8WonDu"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "EsBd1n7bDAphA3HY84DrrKd1GP1VugeNiqFCET2S5sNG"
},
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "H4q3ByfNB7QH9QEuHN3tcGay7tjhsZwjXx3sq3Vm3Lza"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQ==",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer"
}
}
],
"hash": "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX",
"nonce": 10,
"public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM",
"receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
"signature": "ed25519:5eJPGirNkBUbMeyRfEA4fgi1FtkgGk8pmbbkmiz3Faf6zrANpBsCs5bZd5heSTvQ6b3fEPLSPCPi2iwD2XJT93As",
"signer_id": "serhii.near"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "EAcwavyaeNWZnfhYP2nAWzeDgMiuiyRHfaprFqhXgCRF",
"id": "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.near",
"gas_burnt": 2428041740436,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242804174043600000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "GatQmy7fW5uXRJRSg7A315CWzWWcQCGk4GJXyW3cjw4j"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "89WJwAetivZLvAkVLXUt862o7zJX7YYt6ZixdWebq3xv"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "CH3wHSqYPJp35krLjSgJTgCFYnv1ymhd9bJpjXA31VVD"
}
]
}
}
}
You can get the same info later by the transaction hash from the previous call:
- using NEAR Explorer: https://explorer.near.org
- with JSON RPC call
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='[ "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX", "sender.testnet"]'
Let's create test transaction that should fail and investigate the response. We will try to send more tokens that are available on this account:
using NEAR CLI:
near call <contract_account_id> ft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "<user_account_id>", "amount": "10000000000"}' --accountId<contract_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001with JSON RPC call:
Transaction representation:
Transaction: {
block_hash: `456…abc`,
signer_id: "serhii.near",
public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
nonce: 123,
receiver_id: "berryclub.ek.near",
actions: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCallAction {
method_name: ft_transfer,
args: `{"receiver_id":"volovyk.near","amount":"10000000000000000000"}`,
gas: 300000000000000,
deposit: 1,
},
),
]
}
```bash
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZofqoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTm8Xq8BTIi6utG0424Gg7CknYzLH8RH/A409jq5o0zi7gEAAAACCwAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyPwAAAHsicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJkZXYtMTYyMzMzMzkxNjM2OC01ODcwNzQzNDg3ODUzMyIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQBAehDzWgAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABCwjqayKdpWgM6PE0ixzm/Gy0EtdpxVn0xehMTBReVfVAKIBTDPoPSaOdT8fAhk343F5uOMfSijhTqU2mWV3oD"]'
```
To get details of this transaction:
http post https://archival-rpc.mainnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='["CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r", "serhii.near"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
"id": "myid",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "serhii.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn0=",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
}
},
"receipt_id": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d",
"receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "system",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:11111111111111111111111111111111"
}
},
"receipt_id": "Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
"receiver_id": "serhii.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18653463364152698495356"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
}
},
"receipt_id": "DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7",
"receiver_id": "serhii.near"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "DTruWLgm5Y56yDrxUipvYqKKm8F7hxVQTarNQqe147zs",
"id": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
"gas_burnt": 4011776278642,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
"DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7"
],
"status": {
"Failure": {
"ActionError": {
"index": 0,
"kind": {
"FunctionCallError": {
"ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
}
}
}
}
},
"tokens_burnt": "401177627864200000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "6GHrA42oMEF4g7YCBpPw9EakkLiepTHnQBvaKtmsenEY"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "DCG3qZAzf415twXfHmgBUdB129g2iZoQ4v8dawwBzhSh"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "F9xNWGhJuYW336f3qVaDDAipsyfpudJHYbmt5in3MeMT",
"id": "Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "CJNvis1CoJmccshDpPBrk3a7fdZ5HnMQuy3p2Kd2GCdS"
},
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "4vHM3fbdNwXGMp9uYzVKB13abEM6qdPUuZ9rfrdsaDzc"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "F9xNWGhJuYW336f3qVaDDAipsyfpudJHYbmt5in3MeMT",
"id": "DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "BR3R7tjziEgXMiHaJ7VuuXCo2yBHB2ZzsoxobPhPjFeJ"
},
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "4vHM3fbdNwXGMp9uYzVKB13abEM6qdPUuZ9rfrdsaDzc"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"Failure": {
"ActionError": {
"index": 0,
"kind": {
"FunctionCallError": {
"ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
}
}
}
}
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn0=",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer"
}
}
],
"hash": "CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r",
"nonce": 12,
"public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM",
"receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
"signature": "ed25519:63MC3f8m5jeycpy97G9XaCwmJLx4YHRn2x5AEJDiYYzZ3TzdzWsrz8dgaz2kHR2jsWh35aZoL97tw1RRTHK6ZQYq",
"signer_id": "serhii.near"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "7YUgyBHgmbGy1edhaWRZeBVq9zzbnzrRGtVRQS5PpooW",
"id": "CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.near",
"gas_burnt": 2428084223182,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242808422318200000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "Agyg5P46kSVa4ptG9spteHpZ5c8XkvfbmDN5EUXhC1Wr"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "3JDKkLCy5bJaAU3exa66sotTwJyGwyChxeNJgKReKw34"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "7GXEmeQEJdd4c2kgN7NoYiF2bkjzV4bNkMmkhpK14NTz"
}
]
}
}
}
Was the fungible token transfer successful?
- Look for
result»transaction_outcome»outcome» see ifSuccessReceiptIdis a key - if
SuccessReceiptIdis not a key, this fungible token transfer hasfailed. - If it does have that key, get the value, which is a
receipt ID - Loop through
result»receipts_outcomeuntil you find an object that ID (from above) under the id key - in that object check
outcome»status» (see if SuccessValue is a key) - If SuccessValue is a key, fungible token transfer succeeded, if not, it failed.
To determine how many fungible tokens were transferred, look at:
result»transaction»actions»FunctionCall»args- then take the args and
base64decode it, that will give you a JSON payload and look for theamountkey - It will contain a stringified number that represents the number of fungible tokens that were successfully transferred
Transfer and call
If the idea of a fungible token using "transfer and call" is new, please review the comments above the function in the Nomicon spec. Also, see a similar idea from EIP-677.
For this example we will build and deploy FT contracts from near-sdk-rs/examples/fungible-token.
Let's call ft_transfer_call function on ft contract (receiver) and examine successful and unsuccessful scenarios.
Successful transfer and call
Let's send 10 N to DEFI contract that requires only 9 N.
using NEAR CLI
near call <ft_contract_id> ft_transfer_call '{"receiver_id": "<defi_contract_id>", "amount": "10", "msg": "take-my-money"}' --accountId <user_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001with JSON RPC call
Transaction representation:
Transaction: {
block_hash: `456…abc`,
signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
nonce: 123,
receiver_id: "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
actions: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCallAction {
method_name: ft_transfer_call,
args: `{"receiver_id":"dev-1623693121955-71667632531176","amount":"10","msg":"take-my-money"}`,
gas: 300000000000000,
deposit: 1,
},
),
]
}
```bash
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZqPqoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTn9j4g2IJ8nGQ38i3+k+4WBAeJL1xP7ygQhC7CrvEG4NQEAAAACEAAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyX2NhbGxWAAAAeyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0AQHoQ81oAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANY2lHqJlAJYNDGEQiUNnmfiBV44Q1sdg45xNlNvlROOM+AtN1z3PSJqM6M6jAKXUwANoQTzFqXhIMHIjIPbTAA=="]'
```
To get details of this transaction:
http post https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='["5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1", "serhii.testnet"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
"id": "myid",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0=",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJzZW5kZXJfaWQiOiJzZXJoaWkudGVzdG5ldCIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwIiwibXNnIjoidGFrZS1teS1tb25leSJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 70000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_on_transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [
{
"data_id": "EiDQi54XHfdD1KEcgiNzogXxXuwTpzeQfmyqVwbq7H4D",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
}
],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623693121955-71667632531176"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "13116953530949529501760"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJzZW5kZXJfaWQiOiJzZXJoaWkudGVzdG5ldCIsInJlY2VpdmVyX2lkIjoiZGV2LTE2MjM2OTMxMjE5NTUtNzE2Njc2MzI1MzExNzYiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxMCJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 5000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_resolve_transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [
"EiDQi54XHfdD1KEcgiNzogXxXuwTpzeQfmyqVwbq7H4D"
],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "761030677610514102464"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "2137766093631769060520"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "B9yZz1w3yzrqQnfBFAf17S4TLaHakXJWqmFDBbFxaEiZ",
"id": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"gas_burnt": 20612680932083,
"logs": [
"Transfer 10 from serhii.testnet to dev-1623693121955-71667632531176"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
"4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
"H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR"
},
"tokens_burnt": "2061268093208300000000"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7Z4LHWksvw7sKYKwpQfjEMG8oigjtRXKa3EopN7hS2v7",
"id": "EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "dev-1623693121955-71667632531176",
"gas_burnt": 3568066327145,
"logs": [
"Sender @serhii.testnet is transfering 10 tokens using ft_on_transfer, msg = take-my-money"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "IjEi"
},
"tokens_burnt": "356806632714500000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "5X2agUKpqmk7QkUZsDQ4R4HdX7zXeuPYpVAfvbmF5Gav"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "CrSDhQNn72K2Qr1mmoM9j3YHCo3wfZdmHjpHJs74WnPk",
"id": "AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "4WG6hF5fTAtM7GSqU8mprrFwRVbChGMCV2NPZEjEdnc1"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "CrSDhQNn72K2Qr1mmoM9j3YHCo3wfZdmHjpHJs74WnPk",
"id": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"gas_burnt": 6208280264404,
"logs": [
"Refund 1 from dev-1623693121955-71667632531176 to serhii.testnet"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "Ijki"
},
"tokens_burnt": "620828026440400000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "BzT8YhEDDWSuoGGTBzH2Cj5GC4c56uAQxk41by4KVnXi"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "3Q2Zyscj6vG5nC2vdoYfcBHU9RVaAwoxHsHzAKVcAHZ6",
"id": "9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7Z4LHWksvw7sKYKwpQfjEMG8oigjtRXKa3EopN7hS2v7",
"id": "H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "61ak42D3duBBunCz3w4xXxoEeR2N7oav5e938TnmGFGN"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "Ijki"
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0=",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
}
}
],
"hash": "5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1",
"nonce": 47589658000040,
"public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"signature": "ed25519:256qp2jAGXhhw2t2XfUAjWwzz3XcD83DH2v9THwDPsZjCLWHU8QJd6cuA773NP9yBmTd2ZyYiFHuxVEkYqnbsaSb",
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "96k8kKzFuZWxyiUnT774Rg7DC3XDZNuxhxD1qEViFupd",
"id": "5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2428149065268,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242814906526800000000"
},
"proof": []
}
}
}
Now, let's try to follow the steps described in the previous section and determine if these transactions was successful. In addition to being successful, let's analyze the various receipts in the series of cross-contract calls to determine how many fungible tokens were transferred. This will be the most complex case we'll look at.
- Check that
result»transaction_outcome»outcome»statushasSuccessReceiptIdas a key. If not, no fungible tokens were transferred. - Take the value of the
SuccessReceiptIdkey. In the case above it'sHw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk. - Now, under
result»receiptsloop through the array until you find a receipt where thereceipt_idmatches the value from step 2. (Note that in the receipt, underActionsthere's an element mentioning calling themethod_name: "ft_transfer_call".) On the same level of JSON, there's anargskey. That's a base64-encoded value of the arguments passed to the method. When decoded it is:
{"receiver_id":"dev-1623693121955-71667632531176","amount":"10","msg":"take-my-money"}
- Loop through
result»receipts_outcomeuntil finding the object whereidis equal to the value from step 2. Similar to step 1, this object will also contain astatusfield that should contain the keySuccessReceiptId. Again, if this isn't there no fungible tokens were transferred, otherwise get the value of theSuccessReceiptId. In the above example, this value is4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR. - Similar to the previous step, loop through the
result»receipts_outcomeuntil you find the object where theidmatches the value from step 4. In that object check thatoutcome»statushas theSuccessValuefield. ThisSuccessValuerepresents how many fungible tokens the receiving contract is "returning" to the fungible token contract. Note that in the example above the value isIjki, which is the base64-encoded version of"9". At this point, we know that 10 fungible tokens were sent (from step 3) and 9 were taken.
For additional clarity, let's take a look at one more optional aspect. In step 4 we isolated an obeject in result » receipts_outcome. There's an array of receipt_ids that's particularly interesting. The first element in the array is the receipt ID EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5. If we loop through the result » receipts_outcome and find this as the value for the id key, we'll see what happened in the function ft_on_transfer which takes place in the contract receiving the fungible tokens. In this object the status » SuccessValue is IjEi which is the base64-encoded value of "1".
In summary:
- A user called the fungible token contract with the method
ft_transfer_callspecifying the receiver account, how many tokens to send, and custom info. - The receiver account implemented
ft_on_transfer, returning"1"to the callback function on the fungible token contract. - The fungible token contract's callback is
ft_resolve_transferand receives this value of"1". It knows that 1 token was returned, so subtracts that from the 10 it intended to send. It then returns to the user how many tokens were used in this back-and-forth series of cross-contract calls:"9".
Failed transfer and call
Let's try to send more tokens than the account has:
- using NEAR CLI
near call <ft_contract_id> ft_transfer_call '{"receiver_id": "<defi_contract_id>", "amount": "1000000000", "msg": "take-my-money"}' --accountId <user_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001
Transaction representation:
Transaction: {
block_hash: `456…abc`,
signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
nonce: 123,
receiver_id: "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
actions: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCallAction {
method_name: ft_transfer_call,
args: `{"receiver_id":"dev-1623333916368-58707434878533","amount":"1000000000","msg":"take-my-money"}`,
gas: 300000000000000,
deposit: 1,
},
),
]
}
- with JSON RPC call
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \ params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZn/qoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTnrbOQ93Wv9xxBwmq4yDYrssCpwKSI2bzjNNCCCHMZKNwEAAAACEAAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyX2NhbGxeAAAAeyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQBAehDzWgAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQh3k+7zG2m/Yz3O/FBrvLaBwR/5YRB5FbFnb27Nfu6BW/Wh77RFH7+ktBwGLBwFbJGxiumIcsqBiGXgg1EPMN"]'
To get details of this transaction:
http post https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
params:='["FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB", "serhii.testnet"]' id=myid
Example response:
{
"id": "myid",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQ==",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "system",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:11111111111111111111111111111111"
}
},
"receipt_id": "Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18681184841157733814920"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
}
},
"receipt_id": "6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL",
"receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "BohRBwqjRHssDVS9Gt9dj3SYuipxHA81xXFjRVLqgGeb",
"id": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"gas_burnt": 3734715409940,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
"6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL"
],
"status": {
"Failure": {
"ActionError": {
"index": 0,
"kind": {
"FunctionCallError": {
"ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
}
}
}
}
},
"tokens_burnt": "373471540994000000000"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "4BzTmMmTjKvfs6ANS5gmJ6GQzhqianEGWq7SaxSfPbdC",
"id": "Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "5ipmcdgTieQqFXWQFCwcbZhFtkHE4PL4nW3mknBchpG6"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "4BzTmMmTjKvfs6ANS5gmJ6GQzhqianEGWq7SaxSfPbdC",
"id": "6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "9tcjij6M8Ge4aJcAa97He5nw8pH7PF8ZjRHVahBZD2VW"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"Failure": {
"ActionError": {
"index": 0,
"kind": {
"FunctionCallError": {
"ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
}
}
}
}
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQ==",
"deposit": "1",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
}
}
],
"hash": "FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB",
"nonce": 47589658000031,
"public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
"receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
"signature": "ed25519:2cPASnxKtCoQtZ9NFq63fg8RzpjvmmE8hL4s2jk8zuhnBCD3AnYQ6chZZrUBGwu7WrsGuWUyohP1bEca4vfbsorC",
"signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "FwHUeqmYpvgkL7eBrUUAEMCuaQshcSy5vm4AHchebhK1",
"id": "FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2428166952740,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242816695274000000000"
},
"proof": []
}
}
}
Let's examine this responce.
result»transaction_outcome»outcome»status»SuccessReceiptIdis83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo- check
result»receipts_outcome»0»outcome»statusand findFailurestatus there
Blocks and Finality
Some important pieces of information regarding blocks and finality include:
- Expected block time is around 1s and expected time to finality is around 2s. The last final block can be queried by
specifying
{"finality": "final"}in the block query. For example, to get the latest final block on mainnet, one can run
http post https://rpc.mainnet.near.org method=block params:='{"finality":"final"}' id=123 jsonrpc=2.0
Block height are not necessarily continuous and certain heights may be skipped if, for example, a block producer for that height is offline. For example, after a block at height 100 is produced, the block at height 101 may be skipped. When block at height 102 is produced, its previous block is the block at height 100.
Some blocks may not include new chunks if, for example, the previous chunk producer is offline. Even though in the RPC return result every block will have non-empty
chunksfield, it does not imply that there is a new chunk included in the block. The way to tell whether the chunk is included in the block is to check whetherheight_includedin the chunk is the same as the height of the block.
Running an Archival Node
Please refer to configuration changes required in config.json for archival node by referring to the documentation on Run an Archival Node.
Staking and Delegation
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