Exchange Integration
Transactions
Basics
Specifications
Constructing Transactions
Balance Changes
Balance changes on accounts can be tracked by using our changes endpoint. You can test this out by sending tokens to an account using `near-cli.
First, make sure you have keys to your account locally.
Then send tokens using the following format. (The number at the end represents the amount you are sending)
near send sender.testnet receiver.testnet 1You should see a result in your terminal that looks something like this:
Go to the provided URL to view your transaction in NEAR Explorer.
On this page in NEAR Explorer, note and copy the
BLOCK HASHfor this transaction.Now, go back to your terminal and run the following command using HTTPie.
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare \ method=EXPERIMENTAL_changes \ 'params:={ "block_id": "CJ24svU3C9FaULVjcNVnWuVZjK6mNaQ8p6AMyUDMqB37", "changes_type": "account_changes", "account_ids": ["sender.testnet"] }'
Note Make sure you replace the block_id with the BLOCK HASH you copied from explorer, as well as replacing the account_ids with the one you just sent tokens from.
You should have a response that looks something like this:
You can also view account balances by using the query method, which only requires an accountId.
In your terminal, run:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=query \ params:='{ "request_type": "view_account", "finality": "final", "account_id": "sender.testnet" }'
Your response should look like this:
Note: Gas prices can change between blocks. Even for transactions with deterministic gas cost, the cost in NEAR could also be different.
Account
- We support implicit account creation which allows exchanges to create accounts without paying for transactions.
- You can create an implicit account by following the steps in this guide.
- Accounts must have enough tokens cover its storage. Storage cost per byte is 0.0001 NEAR and an account with one access key must maintain a balance of at least 0.0182 NEAR. For more details, see this section of the economics paper
Transfer from Function Call
NEAR allows transfer to happen within a function call. More importantly, when an account is deployed with some contract, it is possible that the only way to transfer tokens from that account is through a function call. Therefore, exchanges need to support transfer through function calls as well. We recommend the following approach:
Exchange can query block by height to get blocks on each height, and for every block,
query its chunk to obtain the transactions included in the block. For each transaction,
query its status to see the receipts generated from
transactions. Since exchanges are only interested in transfers to their addresses, they only need to filter receipts that
only contain Transfer action and whose predecessor_id is not system (receipts with predecessor_id equal to system
are refunds). Then, to check whether the receipt succeeds, it is sufficient
to look for the receipt_id in receipts_outcome and see if its status is SuccessValue.
Alternatively, exchange can use the indexer framework to help index on-chain data which include receipts. An example usage of the indexer can be found here.
Below we include examples from the contracts that are likely to be used to perform transfers through function calls.
Example of transfer from a lockup contract
A contract evgeny.lockup.near is deployed and we can check its owner by
> near view evgeny.lockup.near get_owner_account_id
View call: evgeny.lockup.near.get_owner_account_id()
'evgeny.near'
Now we want to transfer some unlocked tokens (1 NEAR) with the following call
near call evgeny.lockup.near transfer '{"amount":"1000000000000000000000000", "receiver_id": "evgeny.near"}' --accountId=evgeny.near
The result can be seen through tx status query:
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIiwicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJldmdlbnkubmVhciJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "transfer"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.lockup.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "19200274886926125000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "18655658845681462514128"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "9boEKq9G1UFsEuzmuQrxh5dkRc8xsv8PSPGEkYiTyRLj",
"id": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"gas_burnt": 3574640311481,
"logs": [
"Transferring 1000000000000000000000000 to account @evgeny.near"
],
"receipt_ids": [
"EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC"
},
"tokens_burnt": "357464031148100000000"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AwHdk5dushTSXHFBt3R5MiexjiXybwdnEaB7L9iJ5F6t"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "46788Ay85YGnQaH5tfbboQNWJs3gyXsPbcWzRyxqw56K",
"id": "J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "6PFaxnNvK5r6qxBq5WfV9uGjoNM6qjhHwLehLP1qak9d",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "9RRJpH5VdDxsHpp323EshcAauV5wUNDyW9FpEJBRXXq8"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIiwicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJldmdlbnkubmVhciJ9",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 100000000000000,
"method_name": "transfer"
}
}
],
"hash": "GXP8YaSonoN2eBY6dB3FbMN2NyYD2JeJJvKdvbL4Jmb2",
"nonce": 6,
"public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"signature": "ed25519:4nfzTMpQJKCY3KaqUTFig4Xy9uxwbMeQpMJjtNKsXmwiVqgcVSWRguZEgZM8L2x1jvdpZHsYjLCxc9cSBamXuXPH",
"signer_id": "evgeny.near"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "4u7maz2U43W4DPxqQE8KoRNi5dTRHrAsKsFk2qDQsQEw",
"id": "GXP8YaSonoN2eBY6dB3FbMN2NyYD2JeJJvKdvbL4Jmb2",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 2428086459116,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "CyJL22SYqt26qgh2XVnk9MGfvzgyiiq5Lny7DdbTdTWU"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242808645911600000000"
},
"proof": []
}
}
}
As we can see, there are four receipts generated in this function call. If we apply the criteria mentioned above, we can
find in receipts field this object
{
"predecessor_id": "evgeny.lockup.near",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "186029458",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "evgeny.near",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BVRTxEEMx3gFceSgJtnvPFbSnPDwwUzHe6KGduRh5Byq"
}
},
"receipt_id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"receiver_id": "evgeny.near"
}
which contains only Transfer action and whose predecessor_id is not system. Now we can check the status of the
execution by looking for the same receipt id EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC in receipts_outcome field
of the rpc return result, this leads us to this execution outcome
{
"block_hash": "7qn4BjmMD4QbyVvMa8QEzm7h5YuhoGTFTgLeNMUp85UQ",
"id": "EvHfj4fUyVuLBRKNdCZmFGr4WfqwYf7YCbzFsRGFTFJC",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "evgeny.near",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"J1bBKH43nXHYg4NuS97R1PFzdZchrJboVAdRsK5NRrAv"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AwHdk5dushTSXHFBt3R5MiexjiXybwdnEaB7L9iJ5F6t"
}
]
}
and its status contains SuccessValue, which indicates that the receipt has succeeded. Therefore we know that
1000000000000000000000000 yoctoNEAR, or 1 NEAR has been successfully transferred.
Example of transfer from a multisig contract
Mutisig contract, as the name suggests, uses multiple signatures to confirm a transaction and therefore, actions performed by the multisig contract involves multiple transactions. In the following example, we will show a how a transfer is done from a mutlisig contract that requires two confirmations.
- First step:
add_request_and_confirm. This initiates the action that the multisig contract wants to perform with one confirmation. The multisig contractmultsigtest.testnetwants to transfer 1 NEAR tobowenand it first sends a transaction that callsadd_request_and_confirmwith a request
{
"request": {
"receiver_id": "bowen",
"actions": [
{
"type": "Transfer",
"amount": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
]
}
}
that indicates it wants to transfer 1 NEAR to bowen. Notice that this transaction only records the action
but does not perform the actual transfer. The transaction result is as follows:
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "3069687780141648922140"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:JDewsbE7nz6orFD4zJ3mVzqhfcaoSD6Hmi5as3AHHiTt"
}
},
"receipt_id": "4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "6uJWHTvUrtFQAurUyfuAfy9EdoR9FhLodGh44aHJta6m",
"id": "94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 8024094920263,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "OA=="
},
"tokens_burnt": "802409492026300000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "GedzmwRkxA5VkT8GLBCnrPUmnEhWPXadPmiq4Ho1s9pH"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "GirkzdS9YpsAz5fXuL5T3rXd93aRcnXNAdXYi241qpWK"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "4JyQ6guJKeWZxxXrKndLDuSa5URuirmBi6RzsbKYFsBE",
"id": "4qgDptd7Wm6vswAhWMCsVpTjBEkmLJEUxSNVQS1wu3rD",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": "OA=="
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZXF1ZXN0Ijp7InJlY2VpdmVyX2lkIjoiYm93ZW4iLCJhY3Rpb25zIjpbeyJ0eXBlIjoiVHJhbnNmZXIiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn1dfX0=",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 30000000000000,
"method_name": "add_request_and_confirm"
}
}
],
"hash": "FGREJkC1e8y95Rc35iD1LVRiDy1WcAZhAxxkSinfb2mL",
"nonce": 10,
"public_key": "ed25519:JDewsbE7nz6orFD4zJ3mVzqhfcaoSD6Hmi5as3AHHiTt",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signature": "ed25519:3NUKXd4uj2eEBqGQtRAxkTFW7UfG44tjvQNNHBDvN9ZswTTMRsDrMJSd1U3GqWF7QToqWQR9J8atNEVTemSWYw41",
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "6uJWHTvUrtFQAurUyfuAfy9EdoR9FhLodGh44aHJta6m",
"id": "FGREJkC1e8y95Rc35iD1LVRiDy1WcAZhAxxkSinfb2mL",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2428204963618,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "94LiYwKJEDherHMNg9fqLy9ShFTDiQiUN3nDaGmLZwth"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242820496361800000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "AsNAQabPFkmaugRGhCbzcEcR8Gnd22WXxPM2fb2cwHiv"
},
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "GirkzdS9YpsAz5fXuL5T3rXd93aRcnXNAdXYi241qpWK"
}
]
}
}
}
- Second step:
confirm. A second transaction is sent to confirm the transfer. This transaction takes the request id returned by the first transaction and does the actual transfer. The transaction result is as follows
{
"id": "123",
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": {
"receipts": [
{
"predecessor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "451542320",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"receiver_id": "bowen"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "78458115804795000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
{
"predecessor_id": "system",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "112870156274913516718240"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "0",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
}
],
"receipts_outcome": [
{
"block_hash": "9JEiMrZ1SpAUEbQswde3Diptzwy35Vrvd41VZWG9hYVE",
"id": "FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 10109796553814,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy"
},
"tokens_burnt": "1010979655381400000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "9e2UcG6qBRahBh3V2Z8bGJLh5c4jXfZdP3WBJkCpJCfj"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "bowen",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "FFWaWUFt6sNx5XNHzGYsYBSYFWtGPoww5XQz1QmLVc8i"
}
]
},
{
"block_hash": "G6LDdnAa2b38TB4KZ89HAyVgfgyiRPDDgSxoZypbUYpx",
"id": "6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": []
},
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "CHfzz6NLcQMyiLHBQoczhgm5BFjLVfv9B7eCyXKLhhcT",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 0,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "0"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Left",
"hash": "DpDYAEKZTtSomgyeNcJ2i4qjvfqnCtf1CXa83Cz5wvEy"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"transaction": {
"actions": [
{
"FunctionCall": {
"args": "eyJyZXF1ZXN0X2lkIjo4fQ==",
"deposit": "0",
"gas": 250000000000000,
"method_name": "confirm"
}
}
],
"hash": "Fu39vwxC4mu9ks1DZA5Cib63RnBMHpFonk2DcbpioEYc",
"nonce": 9,
"public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz",
"receiver_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signature": "ed25519:2raQq7t3cmzSL2krE2xaNqXhAw7cKMoXrBjT2ZhAGfCVtGwzbbQ8zkB17vrCSFZDbFmPWSJpoqsw8qPZZiorwSzS",
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet"
},
"transaction_outcome": {
"block_hash": "9JEiMrZ1SpAUEbQswde3Diptzwy35Vrvd41VZWG9hYVE",
"id": "Fu39vwxC4mu9ks1DZA5Cib63RnBMHpFonk2DcbpioEYc",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"gas_burnt": 2427972426482,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB"
],
"status": {
"SuccessReceiptId": "FfuhYhsgFL7sLC8pk1tuRnMHJdqycE6gEcfgZLW9fmFB"
},
"tokens_burnt": "242797242648200000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "B6hN48qeVP8J3hP8XGcANShM264QkNjgJAfMtsuknqex"
}
]
}
}
}
Notice that similar to the transfer from lockup contract, there is also one receipt in the receipts field that meet
our requirements:
{
"predecessor_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"receipt": {
"Action": {
"actions": [
{
"Transfer": {
"deposit": "1000000000000000000000000"
}
}
],
"gas_price": "451542320",
"input_data_ids": [],
"output_data_receivers": [],
"signer_id": "multisigtest.testnet",
"signer_public_key": "ed25519:BmVX32jhvEd8d8outiQdjf66GGYV3pb7kaxrKTdNisCz"
}
},
"receipt_id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"receiver_id": "bowen"
}
and we can find its outcome in receipts_outcome:
{
"block_hash": "4LkVfqyhhrxDdVFmow6NxLf1jTaj6XVr7CVcUxxySd1R",
"id": "DZbHTEf3i3XznK4oJHQfcrteoiCL6WykRiA8vsn4LmAy",
"outcome": {
"executor_id": "bowen",
"gas_burnt": 223182562500,
"logs": [],
"receipt_ids": [
"6SxC9GfYdjqm7Ao5EAw51XUAjgoN8Lj2X9xJfxjDQYXd"
],
"status": {
"SuccessValue": ""
},
"tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
},
"proof": [
{
"direction": "Right",
"hash": "FFWaWUFt6sNx5XNHzGYsYBSYFWtGPoww5XQz1QmLVc8i"
}
]
}
which indicates that the transaction is successful.
Block and Finality
Some important pieces of information regarding block and finality include:
- Expected block time is around 1s and expected time to finality is around 2s. The last final block can be queried by
specifying
{"finality": "final"}in the block query. For example, to get the latest final block on mainnet, one can run
http post https://rpc.mainnet.near.org method=block params:='{"finality":"final"}' id=123 jsonrpc=2.0
Block height are not necessarily continuous and certain height may be skipped if for example block producer for that height is offline. For example, after a block at height 100 is produced, the block at height 101 may be skipped. When block at height 102 is produced, its previous block is the block at height 100.
Some blocks may not include new chunks if, for example, the previous chunk producer is offline. Even though in the rpc return result every block will have nonempty
chunksfield, it does not imply that there is a new chunk included in the block. The way to tell whether the chunk is included in the block is to check whetherheight_includedin the chunk is the same as the height of the block.
Running an Archival Node
- Setting up an archival node is the same as a regular node, but modifying your
config.jsonby changingarchivetotrueand specifyingtracked_shards. Please make sure that the node is stopped while changing the config.
The config should contain the following fields, currently NEAR testnet and mainnet have only 1 (zero indexed) shard and that shard is tracked.
{
...
"archive": true,
"tracked_shards": [0],
...
}
In the future there will be the possibility to track different or multiple shards.
- Once the config has been changed you can restart the node and the node will start syncing new archival data, in the case where you want the full archival history you can just delete the data dir and start the node from scratch syncing full history or use one of the latest backups containing the data directory snapshot which can be copied under the near home dir (default: ~/.near/data).
All the backups can be downloaded from the public S3 bucket which contains latest daily snapshots:
Steps to start archive node
Make sure nearup is installed.
wget -b https://near-protocol-public.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/backups/{testnet|mainnet}/archive/data.tarnearup run testnet- Wait until initialization finishes, use
nearup logs --follow nearup stoptar -xvf data.tar -C ~/.near/testnet/datanearup run testnet- should start syncing headers at ~97%
Staking and Delegation
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