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대체 가능한 토큰

소개​

세부 사항은 대체 가능한 토큰(FT) 표준 및 예제 구현에 대한 사양을 참고하세요.

표준에서 한 가지 주목할만한 측면은, 메서드 이름에 ft_라는 접두사가 붙는다는 것입니다. 이것은 대체 가능한 토큰과 관련된 트랜잭션을 쿼리할 때 유용한 규칙이 될 것입니다.

잔고 가져오기​

NEAR CLI 도구의 추상화를 이용하여, near view를 통해 사용자 계정의 잔고를 확인할 수 있습니다.

near view ft.demo.testnet ft_balance_of '{"account_id": "mike.testnet"}'

다음을 반환합니다.

View call: ft.demo.testnet.ft_balance_of({"account_id": "mike.testnet"})
'1000000'

또는, query RPC 엔드포인트를 사용하여 컨트랙트 함수를 호출할 수 있습니다. 다음은 HTTPie를 사용한 예시입니다.

http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=ftbalance method=query \
params:='{
  "request_type": "call_function",
  "finality": "final",
  "account_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
  "method_name": "ft_balance_of",
  "args_base64": "eyJhY2NvdW50X2lkIjogIm1pa2UudGVzdG5ldCJ9"
}'

다음을 반환합니다.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Alt-Svc: clear
Via: 1.1 google
access-control-allow-origin:
content-length: 176
content-type: application/json
date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:53:38 GMT

{
    "id": "dontcare",
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": {
        "block_hash": "3mvNHpZAsXiJ6SuHU1mbLVB4iXCfh5i5d41pnkaSoaJ5",
        "block_height": 49282350,
        "logs": [],
        "result": [ 34, 49, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34 ]
    }
}

앞에서 언급했듯이, result는 바이트 배열입니다. dtool CLI와 같이, 바이트를 사람이 읽을 수 있는 형식으로 변환하는 다양한 방법이 있습니다.

dtool a2h '[34,49,48,48,48,48,48,48,34]' | dtool h2s

다음을 반환합니다.

"1000000"

참고: mike.testnet 계정의 대체 가능한 토큰 잔액은 큰 따옴표로 묶인 1000000입니다. 큰 따옴표로 묶인 이유는, JSON 직렬화 문제 때문입니다. 인자 및 결과에 주어진 양은 "100"과 같이 Base-10 문자열로 직렬화되어야 합니다. 이는 JSON에 있는 최대 정수 값 제한 2**53을 피하기 위함입니다.

FT에 대한 정보 얻기​

다음과 같은 함수를 호출하여 name, decimals, icon 및 기타 매개변수를 가져올 수 있습니다.

  • using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> ft_metadata

Result:

View call: ft.demo.testnet.ft_metadata()
{
  spec: 'ft-1.0.0',
  name: 'Example Token Name',
  symbol: 'MOCHI',
  icon: null,
  reference: null,
  reference_hash: null,
  decimals: 24
}
  • with JSON RPC call:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=ftmetadata method=query \
  params:='{
    "request_type": "call_function",
    "finality": "final",
    "account_id": "<contract_account_id>",
    "method_name": "ft_metadata",
    "args_base64": ""
  }'

Example response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Alt-Svc: clear
Via: 1.1 google
access-control-allow-origin:
content-length: 604
content-type: application/json
date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 15:51:17 GMT

{
  "id": "ftmetadata",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
      "block_hash": "B3fu3v4dmn19B6oqjHUXN3k5NhdP9EW5kkjyuFUDpa1r",
      "block_height": 50061565,
      "logs": [],
      "result": [ 123, 34, 115, 112, 101, 99, 34, 58, 34, 102, 116, 45, 49, 46, 48, 46, 48, 34, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 69, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101, 32, 84, 111, 107, 101, 110, 32, 78, 97, 109, 101, 34, 44, 34, 115, 121, 109, 98, 111, 108, 34, 58, 34, 77, 79, 67, 72, 73, 34, 44, 34, 105, 99, 111, 110, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 114, 101, 102, 101, 114, 101, 110, 99, 101, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 114, 101, 102, 101, 114, 101, 110, 99, 101, 95, 104, 97, 115, 104, 34, 58, 110, 117, 108, 108, 44, 34, 100, 101, 99, 105, 109, 97, 108, 115, 34, 58, 50, 52, 125 ]
  }
}

Decoded result in this case is:

{
    "spec": "ft-1.0.0",
    "name": "Example Token Name",
    "symbol": "MOCHI",
    "icon": null,
    "reference": null,
    "reference_hash": null,
    "decimals": 24
}

간단한 전송​

To follow this guide, please check the step by step instructions on how to create a transaction first.

In order to send a fungible token to an account, the receiver must have a storage deposit. This is because each smart contract on NEAR must account for storage used, and each account on a fungible token contract is a key-value pair, taking up a small amount of storage. For more information, please see how storage works in NEAR. To check if account has deposited the storage for this FT do the following:

Get storage balance of the account. storage_balance_of function returns the amount of deposited storage or null if there is no deposit.

  • using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> storage_balance_of '{"account_id": "<user_account_id>"}'

Result:

View call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_balance_of({"account_id": "serhii.testnet"})
null
  • with JSON RPC call:
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=storagebalanceof method=query \
  params:='{
     "request_type": "call_function",
     "finality": "final",
     "account_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
     "method_name": "storage_balance_of",
     "args_base64": "eyJhY2NvdW50X2lkIjogInNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0In0K"
  }'

Example response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Alt-Svc: clear
Via: 1.1 google
access-control-allow-origin:
content-length: 173
content-type: application/json
date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:22:01 GMT
{
  "id": "storagebalanceof",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
      "block_hash": "EkM2j4yxRVoQ1TCqF2KUb7J4w5G1VsWtMLiycq6k3f53",
      "block_height": 50054247,
      "logs": [],
      "result": [ 110, 117, 108, 108 ]
  }
}

Decoded result in this case is null.

Get the minimum storage required for FT. (The storage used for an account's key-value pair.)

  • using NEAR CLI:
near view <contract_account_id> storage_balance_bounds`

Result:

View call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_balance_bounds()
{ min: '1250000000000000000000', max: '1250000000000000000000' }
  • with JSON RPC call
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=storagebalancebounds method=query \
  params:='{
      "request_type": "call_function",
      "finality": "final",
      "account_id": "<contract_account_id>",
      "method_name": "storage_balance_bounds",
      "args_base64": ""
  }'

Example response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Alt-Svc: clear
Via: 1.1 google
access-control-allow-origin:
content-length: 357
content-type: application/json
date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 15:42:49 GMT

{
  "id": "storagebalancebounds",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
      "block_hash": "Fy3mBqwj5nvUDha3X7G61kmUeituHASEX12oCASrChEE",
      "block_height": 50060878,
      "logs": [],
      "result": [ 123, 34, 109, 105, 110, 34, 58, 34, 49, 50, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34, 44, 34, 109, 97, 120, 34, 58, 34, 49, 50, 53, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 34, 125 ]
  }
}

Decoded result should look similar to:

  {
    "min": "1250000000000000000000",
    "max": "1250000000000000000000"
  }

Basic fungible tokens are simple smart contracts that don't have variable storage as compared to a smart contract that might store free-form text, for instance. The only storage needed is for an accounts key-value pair, which will always be covered by the 1250000000000000000000 yoctoⓃ storage balance.

If there is not enough deposit for the storage or returned value is null - you should deposit more storage with the next command:

  • using NEAR CLI, don't forget to convert from yoctoⓃ to Ⓝ:
near call <contract_account_id> storage_deposit '{"account_id": "<user_account_id>"}' --accountId <sender_account_id> --deposit <deposit in Ⓝ>

Result example:

Scheduling a call: ft.demo.testnet.storage_deposit() with attached 0.125 NEAR
Transaction Id 9CMrMMt3UzeU63FFrUyFb1gNGuHXxvKfHqYJzyFTAk6z
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://testnet.nearblocks.io/txns/9CMrMMt3UzeU63FFrUyFb1gNGuHXxvKfHqYJzyFTAk6z
{ total: '1250000000000000000000', available: '0' }
  • with JSON RPC call:

At the top of this section is a link detailing how to construct a transaction without the full abstraction of the near-api-js library. For this and future examples that use the RPC method broadcast_tx_commit we will provide a JSON-like object meant to act similar to pseudocode, only imparting high-level details of a transaction. This code block below is the first example of this, detailing what goes into the transaction discussed currently, involving the method storage_deposit.

Transaction: {
    block_hash: `456…abc`,
    signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
    public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
    nonce: 123,
    receiver_id: "ft.demo.testnet",
    actions: [
        FunctionCall(
            FunctionCallAction {
                method_name: storage_deposit,
                args: `{"account_id": "robertyan.near"}`,
                gas: 300000000000000,
                deposit: 1250000000000000000000,
            },
        ),
    ]
}
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
  params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZi/qoVEgrAAAPAAAAZnQuZGVtby50ZXN0bmV0JYbWPOu0P9T32vtUKnZSh+EaoboQqg0/De2i8Y+AjHIBAAAAAg8AAABzdG9yYWdlX2RlcG9zaXQCAAAAe30AQHoQ81oAAAAAILSd2XlDeBoAAAAAAAAAZF7+s4lcHOzy+re59VErt7LcZkPMMUVgOJV8LH5TsLBBv+8h/5tZ6+HFwxSp605A4c46oS9Jw4KBRXZD07lKCg=="]'
Example Response:
{
  "id": "myid",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "receipts": [
      {
        "predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "e30=",
                  "deposit": "125000000000000000000000",
                  "gas": 100000000000000,
                  "method_name": "storage_deposit"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7",
        "receiver_id": "ft.demo.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "123750000000000000000000"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "19200274886926125000"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "18587201427159524319124"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      }
    ],
    "receipts_outcome": [
      {
        "block_hash": "6Gz6P8N3F447kRc7kkxEhuZRZTzfuTUEagye65bPVGb",
        "id": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 4258977405434,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
            "kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": "eyJ0b3RhbCI6IjEyNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAiLCJhdmFpbGFibGUiOiIwIn0="
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "425897740543400000000"
        },
        "proof": []
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "J6YXMnLPfLEPyvL3fWdhWPzpWAeW8zNY2CwAFwAg9tfr",
        "id": "7neJYE45vXnQia1LQqWuAfyTRXHy4vv88JaULa5DnNBd",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 223182562500,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "22318256250000000000"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "D6tGfHwKh21PqzhBTsdKCsTtZvXFDkmH39dQiQBoGN3w"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "HRRF7N1PphZ46eN5g4DjqEgYHBYM76yGiXSTYWsfMGoy",
        "id": "2c59u2zYj41JuhMfPUCKjNucmYfz2Jt83JLWP6VyQn1S",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": []
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "J6YXMnLPfLEPyvL3fWdhWPzpWAeW8zNY2CwAFwAg9tfr",
        "id": "kaYatRKxcC1NXac69WwTqg6K13oXq2yEuy4LLZtsV2G",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "1uVJZ8vNQpHMwPA38DYJjk9PpvnHDhsDcMxrTXcwf1s"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": {
      "SuccessValue": "eyJ0b3RhbCI6IjEyNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAiLCJhdmFpbGFibGUiOiIwIn0="
    },
    "transaction": {
      "actions": [
        {
          "FunctionCall": {
            "args": "e30=",
            "deposit": "125000000000000000000000",
            "gas": 100000000000000,
            "method_name": "storage_deposit"
          }
        }
      ],
      "hash": "6sDUF1f5hebpybUbipNJer5ez13EY4HW1VBJEBqZjCEm",
      "nonce": 47589658000011,
      "public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
      "receiver_id": "ft.demo.testnet",
      "signature": "ed25519:31PfuinsVvM1o2CmiZbSguFkZKYqAtkf5PHerfexhDbC3SsJWDzRFBpoUYTNDJddhKeqs93GQ3SHtUyqaSYhhQ9X",
      "signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
    },
    "transaction_outcome": {
      "block_hash": "5XiuxzTpyw6p2NTD5AqrZYNW7SHvpj8MhUCyn1x2KSQR",
      "id": "6sDUF1f5hebpybUbipNJer5ez13EY4HW1VBJEBqZjCEm",
      "outcome": {
        "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "gas_burnt": 2427959010878,
        "logs": [],
        "receipt_ids": [
          "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7"
        ],
        "status": {
          "SuccessReceiptId": "4urgFabknn1myZkjTYdb1BFSoEimP21k9smCUWoSggA7"
        },
        "tokens_burnt": "242795901087800000000"
      },
      "proof": []
    }
  }
}

Transfer the tokens:

  • using NEAR CLI:
near call <contract_account_id> ft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "<receiver_account_id>", "amount": "1"}' --accountId <sender_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001

Result example:

Scheduling a call: berryclub.ek.near.ft_transfer({"receiver_id": "volovyk.near", "amount": "1"}) with attached 0.000000000000000000000001 NEAR
Receipt: GDeE3Kv1JHgs71A22NEUbgq55r2Hvcnis8gCMyJtQ2mx
    Log [berryclub.ek.near]: Transfer 1 from serhii.near to volovyk.near
Transaction Id 3MkWKbXVP8wyy4pBofELqiE1pwx7ie2v3SKCwaobNcEe
To see the transaction in the transaction explorer, please open this url in your browser
https://nearblocks.io/txns/3MkWKbXVP8wyy4pBofELqiE1pwx7ie2v3SKCwaobNcEe
''
  • with JSON RPC call:

Transaction representation:

Transaction: {
    block_hash: `456…abc`,
    signer_id: "serhii.near",
    public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
    nonce: 123,
    receiver_id: "berryclub.ek.near",
    actions: [
        FunctionCall(
            FunctionCallAction {
                method_name: ft_transfer,
                args: `{"receiver_id": "volovyk.near", "amount": "1"}`,
                gas: 300000000000000,
                deposit: 1,
            },
        ),
    ]
}
http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
  params:='["CwAAAHNlcmhpaS5uZWFyAAmQpgZcJM5nMc6f3tqmw/YI4eAvc84ZgsKMRRRzhY/6CQAAAAAAAAARAAAAYmVycnljbHViLmVrLm5lYXLLWPIiUOElkDF3u4hLAMJ0Sjeo1V338pDdHIp70va3ewEAAAACCwAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyKwAAAHsicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJ2b2xvdnlrLm5lYXIiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxIn0AQHoQ81oAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA7fDOZQt3zCtdS05Y8XaZFlwO/Gd5wkkNAHShzDiLQXk4Q4ixpraLPMJivs35PZD0gocXl1iGFbQ46NG3VllzCA=="]'

To get details of this transaction:

http post https://archival-rpc.mainnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
  params:='["2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX", "serhii.near"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
  "id": "myid",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "receipts": [
      {
        "predecessor_id": "serhii.near",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQ==",
                  "deposit": "1",
                  "gas": 100000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_transfer"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.near",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur",
        "receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "18418055677558685763688"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.near",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.near"
      }
    ],
    "receipts_outcome": [
      {
        "block_hash": "6Re4NTkKzD7maKx3MuoxzYVHQKqjgnXW8rNjGjeVx8YC",
        "id": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
          "gas_burnt": 6365774114160,
          "logs": [
            "Transfer 1 from serhii.near to volovyk.near"
          ],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "636577411416000000000"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "2eUmWnLExsH5jb6mALY9jTC8FiQH4FcuxQ16tn7RfkYr"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "266d5QfDKXNbAWJgXMJXgLP97VwoMiC4Qyt8wH7xcs1Q"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "EkJAuJigdVSZj41yGXSZYAtDV7Xwe2Hv9Xsqcv6LUZvq"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "3XMoeEdm1zE64aByFuWCrZaxfbvsjMHRFcL8Wsp95vyt",
        "id": "EAPh8XrBMqm6iuVH5jsfemz4YqUxWsV8Mz241cw5tjvE",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.near",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "EGC9ZPJHTbmCs3aQDuCkFQboGLBxU2uzrSZMsp8WonDu"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "EsBd1n7bDAphA3HY84DrrKd1GP1VugeNiqFCET2S5sNG"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "H4q3ByfNB7QH9QEuHN3tcGay7tjhsZwjXx3sq3Vm3Lza"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": {
      "SuccessValue": ""
    },
    "transaction": {
      "actions": [
        {
          "FunctionCall": {
            "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQ==",
            "deposit": "1",
            "gas": 100000000000000,
            "method_name": "ft_transfer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "hash": "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX",
      "nonce": 10,
      "public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM",
      "receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
      "signature": "ed25519:5eJPGirNkBUbMeyRfEA4fgi1FtkgGk8pmbbkmiz3Faf6zrANpBsCs5bZd5heSTvQ6b3fEPLSPCPi2iwD2XJT93As",
      "signer_id": "serhii.near"
    },
    "transaction_outcome": {
      "block_hash": "EAcwavyaeNWZnfhYP2nAWzeDgMiuiyRHfaprFqhXgCRF",
      "id": "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX",
      "outcome": {
        "executor_id": "serhii.near",
        "gas_burnt": 2428041740436,
        "logs": [],
        "receipt_ids": [
          "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur"
        ],
        "status": {
          "SuccessReceiptId": "ExhYcvwAUb3Jpm38pSQ5oobwJAouBqqDZjbhavKrZtur"
        },
        "tokens_burnt": "242804174043600000000"
      },
      "proof": [
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "GatQmy7fW5uXRJRSg7A315CWzWWcQCGk4GJXyW3cjw4j"
        },
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "89WJwAetivZLvAkVLXUt862o7zJX7YYt6ZixdWebq3xv"
        },
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "CH3wHSqYPJp35krLjSgJTgCFYnv1ymhd9bJpjXA31VVD"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

You can get the same info later by the transaction hash from the previous call:

  • with JSON RPC call
  http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
  params:='[ "2Fy4714idMCoja7QLdGAbQZHzV2XEnUdwZX6yGa46VMX", "sender.testnet"]'

Let's create test transaction that should fail and investigate the response. We will try to send more tokens that are available on this account:

  • using NEAR CLI:
near call <contract_account_id> ft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "<user_account_id>", "amount": "10000000000"}' --accountId <sender_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001
  • with JSON RPC call:

트랜잭션 표현:

Transaction: {
    block_hash: `456…abc`,
    signer_id: "serhii.near",
    public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
    nonce: 123,
    receiver_id: "berryclub.ek.near",
    actions: [
        FunctionCall(
            FunctionCallAction {
                method_name: ft_transfer,
                args: `{"receiver_id":"volovyk.near","amount":"10000000000000000000"}`,
                gas: 300000000000000,
                deposit: 1,
            },
        ),
    ]
}
  http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
  params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZofqoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTm8Xq8BTIi6utG0424Gg7CknYzLH8RH/A409jq5o0zi7gEAAAACCwAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyPwAAAHsicmVjZWl2ZXJfaWQiOiJkZXYtMTYyMzMzMzkxNjM2OC01ODcwNzQzNDg3ODUzMyIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEifQBAehDzWgAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABCwjqayKdpWgM6PE0ixzm/Gy0EtdpxVn0xehMTBReVfVAKIBTDPoPSaOdT8fAhk343F5uOMfSijhTqU2mWV3oD"]'

이 트랜잭션의 세부 사항을 얻으려면, 다음과 같이 할 수 있습니다.

http post https://archival-rpc.mainnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
  params:='["CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r", "serhii.near"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
  "id": "myid",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "receipts": [
      {
        "predecessor_id": "serhii.near",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn0=",
                  "deposit": "1",
                  "gas": 100000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_transfer"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.near",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d",
        "receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "1"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "system",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:11111111111111111111111111111111"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.near"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "18653463364152698495356"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.near",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.near"
      }
    ],
    "receipts_outcome": [
      {
        "block_hash": "DTruWLgm5Y56yDrxUipvYqKKm8F7hxVQTarNQqe147zs",
        "id": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
          "gas_burnt": 4011776278642,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
            "DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7"
          ],
          "status": {
            "Failure": {
              "ActionError": {
                "index": 0,
                "kind": {
                  "FunctionCallError": {
                    "ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "401177627864200000000"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "6GHrA42oMEF4g7YCBpPw9EakkLiepTHnQBvaKtmsenEY"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "DCG3qZAzf415twXfHmgBUdB129g2iZoQ4v8dawwBzhSh"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "F9xNWGhJuYW336f3qVaDDAipsyfpudJHYbmt5in3MeMT",
        "id": "Td3QxpKhMdi8bfVeMiQZwNS1VzPXceQdn6xdftoC8k6",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.near",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "CJNvis1CoJmccshDpPBrk3a7fdZ5HnMQuy3p2Kd2GCdS"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "4vHM3fbdNwXGMp9uYzVKB13abEM6qdPUuZ9rfrdsaDzc"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "F9xNWGhJuYW336f3qVaDDAipsyfpudJHYbmt5in3MeMT",
        "id": "DwLMVTdqv9Z4g9QC4AthTXHqqeJVAH4s1tFXHQYMArW7",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.near",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "BR3R7tjziEgXMiHaJ7VuuXCo2yBHB2ZzsoxobPhPjFeJ"
          },
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "4vHM3fbdNwXGMp9uYzVKB13abEM6qdPUuZ9rfrdsaDzc"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": {
      "Failure": {
        "ActionError": {
          "index": 0,
          "kind": {
            "FunctionCallError": {
              "ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "transaction": {
      "actions": [
        {
          "FunctionCall": {
            "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6InZvbG92eWsubmVhciIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwIn0=",
            "deposit": "1",
            "gas": 100000000000000,
            "method_name": "ft_transfer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "hash": "CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r",
      "nonce": 12,
      "public_key": "ed25519:eLbduR3uJGaAHLXeGKEfo1fYmYFKkLyR1R8ZPCxrJAM",
      "receiver_id": "berryclub.ek.near",
      "signature": "ed25519:63MC3f8m5jeycpy97G9XaCwmJLx4YHRn2x5AEJDiYYzZ3TzdzWsrz8dgaz2kHR2jsWh35aZoL97tw1RRTHK6ZQYq",
      "signer_id": "serhii.near"
    },
    "transaction_outcome": {
      "block_hash": "7YUgyBHgmbGy1edhaWRZeBVq9zzbnzrRGtVRQS5PpooW",
      "id": "CKHzodHvFw4C87PazsniycYZZHm37CEWLE2u8VUUMU7r",
      "outcome": {
        "executor_id": "serhii.near",
        "gas_burnt": 2428084223182,
        "logs": [],
        "receipt_ids": [
          "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d"
        ],
        "status": {
          "SuccessReceiptId": "5bdBKwS1RH7wm8eoG6ZeESdhNpj9HffUcf8RoP6Ng5d"
        },
        "tokens_burnt": "242808422318200000000"
      },
      "proof": [
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "Agyg5P46kSVa4ptG9spteHpZ5c8XkvfbmDN5EUXhC1Wr"
        },
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "3JDKkLCy5bJaAU3exa66sotTwJyGwyChxeNJgKReKw34"
        },
        {
          "direction": "Right",
          "hash": "7GXEmeQEJdd4c2kgN7NoYiF2bkjzV4bNkMmkhpK14NTz"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Was the fungible token transfer successful?

  • Look for result » transaction_outcome » outcome » see if SuccessReceiptId is a key
  • if SuccessReceiptId is not a key, this fungible token transfer has failed.
  • If it does have that key, get the value, which is a receipt ID
  • Loop through result » receipts_outcome until you find an object that ID (from above) under the id key
  • in that object check outcome » status » (see if SuccessValue is a key)
  • If SuccessValue is a key, fungible token transfer succeeded, if not, it failed.

To determine how many fungible tokens were transferred, look at:

  • result » transaction » actions » FunctionCall » args
  • then take the args and base64 decode it, that will give you a JSON payload and look for the amount key
  • It will contain a stringified number that represents the number of fungible tokens that were successfully transferred

전송 및 호출​

If the idea of a fungible token using "transfer and call" is new, please review the comments above the function in the Nomicon spec. Also, see a similar idea from EIP-677.

For this example we will build and deploy FT contracts from near-sdk-rs/examples/fungible-token.

Let's call ft_transfer_call function on ft contract (receiver) and examine successful and unsuccessful scenarios.

성공적인 전송 및 호출​

Let's send 10 N to DEFI contract that requires only 9 N.

  • using NEAR CLI

    near call <ft_contract_id> ft_transfer_call '{"receiver_id": "<defi_contract_id>", "amount": "10", "msg": "take-my-money"}' --accountId <user_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001

  • with JSON RPC call

Transaction representation:

Transaction: {
    block_hash: `456…abc`,
    signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
    public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
    nonce: 123,
    receiver_id: "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
    actions: [
        FunctionCall(
            FunctionCallAction {
                method_name: ft_transfer_call,
                args: `{"receiver_id":"dev-1623693121955-71667632531176","amount":"10","msg":"take-my-money"}`,
                gas: 300000000000000,
                deposit: 1,
            },
        ),
    ]
}
  http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
  params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZqPqoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTn9j4g2IJ8nGQ38i3+k+4WBAeJL1xP7ygQhC7CrvEG4NQEAAAACEAAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyX2NhbGxWAAAAeyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0AQHoQ81oAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANY2lHqJlAJYNDGEQiUNnmfiBV44Q1sdg45xNlNvlROOM+AtN1z3PSJqM6M6jAKXUwANoQTzFqXhIMHIjIPbTAA=="]'

To get details of this transaction:

http post https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
    params:='["5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1", "serhii.testnet"]' id=myid
Example Response:
{
  "id": "myid",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "receipts": [
      {
        "predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0=",
                  "deposit": "1",
                  "gas": 100000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk",
        "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJzZW5kZXJfaWQiOiJzZXJoaWkudGVzdG5ldCIsImFtb3VudCI6IjEwIiwibXNnIjoidGFrZS1teS1tb25leSJ9",
                  "deposit": "0",
                  "gas": 70000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_on_transfer"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [
              {
                "data_id": "EiDQi54XHfdD1KEcgiNzogXxXuwTpzeQfmyqVwbq7H4D",
                "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
              }
            ],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
        "receiver_id": "dev-1623693121955-71667632531176"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "13116953530949529501760"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJzZW5kZXJfaWQiOiJzZXJoaWkudGVzdG5ldCIsInJlY2VpdmVyX2lkIjoiZGV2LTE2MjM2OTMxMjE5NTUtNzE2Njc2MzI1MzExNzYiLCJhbW91bnQiOiIxMCJ9",
                  "deposit": "0",
                  "gas": 5000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_resolve_transfer"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [
              "EiDQi54XHfdD1KEcgiNzogXxXuwTpzeQfmyqVwbq7H4D"
            ],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
        "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "761030677610514102464"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "2137766093631769060520"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      }
    ],
    "receipts_outcome": [
      {
        "block_hash": "B9yZz1w3yzrqQnfBFAf17S4TLaHakXJWqmFDBbFxaEiZ",
        "id": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
          "gas_burnt": 20612680932083,
          "logs": [
            "Transfer 10 from serhii.testnet to dev-1623693121955-71667632531176"
          ],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
            "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
            "H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessReceiptId": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR"
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "2061268093208300000000"
        },
        "proof": []
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "7Z4LHWksvw7sKYKwpQfjEMG8oigjtRXKa3EopN7hS2v7",
        "id": "EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "dev-1623693121955-71667632531176",
          "gas_burnt": 3568066327145,
          "logs": [
            "Sender @serhii.testnet is transferring 10 tokens using ft_on_transfer, msg = take-my-money"
          ],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": "IjEi"
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "356806632714500000000"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "5X2agUKpqmk7QkUZsDQ4R4HdX7zXeuPYpVAfvbmF5Gav"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "CrSDhQNn72K2Qr1mmoM9j3YHCo3wfZdmHjpHJs74WnPk",
        "id": "AkwgvxUspRgy255fef2hrEWMbrMWFtnTRGduSgDRdSW1",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "4WG6hF5fTAtM7GSqU8mprrFwRVbChGMCV2NPZEjEdnc1"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "CrSDhQNn72K2Qr1mmoM9j3YHCo3wfZdmHjpHJs74WnPk",
        "id": "4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
          "gas_burnt": 6208280264404,
          "logs": [
            "Refund 1 from dev-1623693121955-71667632531176 to serhii.testnet"
          ],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL"
          ],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": "Ijki"
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "620828026440400000000"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "BzT8YhEDDWSuoGGTBzH2Cj5GC4c56uAQxk41by4KVnXi"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "3Q2Zyscj6vG5nC2vdoYfcBHU9RVaAwoxHsHzAKVcAHZ6",
        "id": "9rxcC9o8x4RX7ftsDCfxK8qnisYv45rA1HGPxhuukWUL",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": []
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "7Z4LHWksvw7sKYKwpQfjEMG8oigjtRXKa3EopN7hS2v7",
        "id": "H7YWFkvx16Efy2keCQ7BQ67BMEsdgdYLqJ99G4H3dR1D",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "61ak42D3duBBunCz3w4xXxoEeR2N7oav5e938TnmGFGN"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": {
      "SuccessValue": "Ijki"
    },
    "transaction": {
      "actions": [
        {
          "FunctionCall": {
            "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzNjkzMTIxOTU1LTcxNjY3NjMyNTMxMTc2IiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAiLCJtc2ciOiJ0YWtlLW15LW1vbmV5In0=",
            "deposit": "1",
            "gas": 100000000000000,
            "method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
          }
        }
      ],
      "hash": "5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1",
      "nonce": 47589658000040,
      "public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
      "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
      "signature": "ed25519:256qp2jAGXhhw2t2XfUAjWwzz3XcD83DH2v9THwDPsZjCLWHU8QJd6cuA773NP9yBmTd2ZyYiFHuxVEkYqnbsaSb",
      "signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
    },
    "transaction_outcome": {
      "block_hash": "96k8kKzFuZWxyiUnT774Rg7DC3XDZNuxhxD1qEViFupd",
      "id": "5n1kwA3TQQyFTkddR2Jau3H1Pt8ebQNGaov6aCQ6TDp1",
      "outcome": {
        "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "gas_burnt": 2428149065268,
        "logs": [],
        "receipt_ids": [
          "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk"
        ],
        "status": {
          "SuccessReceiptId": "Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk"
        },
        "tokens_burnt": "242814906526800000000"
      },
      "proof": []
    }
  }
}

Now, let's try to follow the steps described in the previous section and determine if these transactions was successful. In addition to being successful, let's analyze the various receipts in the series of cross-contract calls to determine how many fungible tokens were transferred. This will be the most complex case we'll look at.

  1. result » transaction_outcome » outcome » status로 가서 SuccessReceiptId가 키인지 확인합니다. 만약 아니라면, 토큰은 전송되지 않습니다.
  2. SuccessReceiptId 키의 값을 가져옵니다. 위 경우, 이는 Hw6z8kJ7CSaC6SgyQzcmXzNX9gq1gaAnLS169qgyZ2Vk입니다.
  3. 이제, result » receipts에서 receipt_id가 2단계의 값과 일치하는 receipt를 찾을 때까지 배열을 반복합니다. (receipt 내에서, method_name: "ft_transfer_call" 호출을 언급하는 요소가 Actions 아래에 있음을 주의하세요) 동일한 디렉토리의 JSON 내에는 args 키가 있습니다. JSON과 같은 수준에 args 키가 있습니다. 이는 메서드에 전달되는 인자의 base64 인코딩된 값입니다. 디코딩하면 다음과 같습니다.
{"receiver_id":"dev-1623693121955-71667632531176","amount":"10","msg":"take-my-money"}
  1. id가 2단계의 값과 같은 객체를 찾을 때까지 result » receipts_outcome을 반복합니다. 1단계와 유사하게, 이 객체는 SuccessReceiptId 키를 담고 있는 status 필드도 포함할 것입니다. 다시, 만약 토큰이 전송된 것이라면, SuccessReceiptId의 값을 가져옵니다. 위 예시에서, 이 값은 4Tc8MsrJZSMpNZx7u4jSqxr3WhRzqxaNHxLJFqz8tUPR입니다.
  2. 이전 단계와 유사하게, id가 4단계의 값과 같은 객체를 찾을 때까지 result » receipts_outcome을 반복합니다. 해당 객체에서 outcome » status가 SuccessValue를 가지고 있는지 확인합니다. 이 SuccessValue는 수령 컨트랙트가 얼마나 많은 토큰을 토큰 컨트랙트로 "반환하고 있는지"을 나타냅니다. 위 예시에서 이 값은 Ijki로, 이는 "9"의 base64 인코딩된 버전입니다. 이 시점에서 우리는 10개의 대체 가능한 토큰이 전송되었고(3단계에서), 9개가 사용되었다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

For additional clarity, let's take a look at one more optional aspect. In step 4 we isolated an obeject in result » receipts_outcome. There's an array of receipt_ids that's particularly interesting. The first element in the array is the receipt ID EB69xtJiLRh9RNzAHgBGmom8551hrK2xSRreqbjvJgu5. If we loop through the result » receipts_outcome and find this as the value for the id key, we'll see what happened in the function ft_on_transfer which takes place in the contract receiving the fungible tokens. In this object the status » SuccessValue is IjEi which is the base64-encoded value of "1".

In summary:

  1. 사용자는 대체 가능한 토큰 컨트랙트를 ft_transfer_call 메서드로 호출하여, 수신자 계정, 보낼 토큰 수 및 사용자 정의 정보를 지정하였습니다.
  2. 수신자 계정은 ft_on_transfer를 구현하여, 대체 가능한 토큰 컨트랙트의 콜백 함수로 "1"을 반환합니다.
  3. 대체 가능한 토큰 컨트랙트의 콜백은 ft_resolve_transfer이며, "1"을 반환합니다. 이는 1개의 토큰이 반환되었다는 의미이므로, 보내려는 10개에서 이를 뺍니다. 그런 다음 일련의 교차 컨트랙트 호출에서 사용된 토큰 수 "9"를 사용자에게 반환합니다.

실패한 전송 및 호출​

Let's try to send more tokens than the account has:

  • using NEAR CLI
    near call <ft_contract_id> ft_transfer_call '{"receiver_id": "<defi_contract_id>", "amount": "1000000000", "msg": "take-my-money"}' --accountId <user_account_id> --amount 0.000000000000000000000001

Transaction representation:

Transaction: {
    block_hash: `456…abc`,
    signer_id: "serhii.testnet",
    public_key: "ed25519:789…def",
    nonce: 123,
    receiver_id: "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
    actions: [
        FunctionCall(
            FunctionCallAction {
                method_name: ft_transfer_call,
                args: `{"receiver_id":"dev-1623333916368-58707434878533","amount":"1000000000","msg":"take-my-money"}`,
                gas: 300000000000000,
                deposit: 1,
            },
        ),
    ]
}
  • with JSON RPC call
  http post https://rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 id=dontcare method=broadcast_tx_commit \
  params:='["DgAAAHNlcmhpaS50ZXN0bmV0AEKEp54fyVkp8dJE2l/m1ErjdhDGodBK8ZF6JLeHFMeZn/qoVEgrAAAgAAAAZGV2LTE2MjMzMzM3OTU2MjMtMjEzOTk5NTk3NzgxNTnrbOQ93Wv9xxBwmq4yDYrssCpwKSI2bzjNNCCCHMZKNwEAAAACEAAAAGZ0X3RyYW5zZmVyX2NhbGxeAAAAeyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQBAehDzWgAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQh3k+7zG2m/Yz3O/FBrvLaBwR/5YRB5FbFnb27Nfu6BW/Wh77RFH7+ktBwGLBwFbJGxiumIcsqBiGXgg1EPMN"]'

To get details of this transaction:

http post https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org jsonrpc=2.0 method=EXPERIMENTAL_tx_status \
    params:='["FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB", "serhii.testnet"]' id=myid
Example response:
{
  "id": "myid",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "receipts": [
      {
        "predecessor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "FunctionCall": {
                  "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQ==",
                  "deposit": "1",
                  "gas": 100000000000000,
                  "method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "186029458",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo",
        "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "1"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "system",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:11111111111111111111111111111111"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      },
      {
        "predecessor_id": "system",
        "receipt": {
          "Action": {
            "actions": [
              {
                "Transfer": {
                  "deposit": "18681184841157733814920"
                }
              }
            ],
            "gas_price": "0",
            "input_data_ids": [],
            "output_data_receivers": [],
            "signer_id": "serhii.testnet",
            "signer_public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN"
          }
        },
        "receipt_id": "6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL",
        "receiver_id": "serhii.testnet"
      }
    ],
    "receipts_outcome": [
      {
        "block_hash": "BohRBwqjRHssDVS9Gt9dj3SYuipxHA81xXFjRVLqgGeb",
        "id": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
          "gas_burnt": 3734715409940,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [
            "Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
            "6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL"
          ],
          "status": {
            "Failure": {
              "ActionError": {
                "index": 0,
                "kind": {
                  "FunctionCallError": {
                    "ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "373471540994000000000"
        },
        "proof": []
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "4BzTmMmTjKvfs6ANS5gmJ6GQzhqianEGWq7SaxSfPbdC",
        "id": "Euy4Q33DfvJTXD8HirE5ACoXnw9PMTQ2Hq47aGyD1spc",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Right",
            "hash": "5ipmcdgTieQqFXWQFCwcbZhFtkHE4PL4nW3mknBchpG6"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "block_hash": "4BzTmMmTjKvfs6ANS5gmJ6GQzhqianEGWq7SaxSfPbdC",
        "id": "6ZDoSeV3gLFS2NXqMCJGEUR3VwBpSxBEPjnEEaAQfmXL",
        "outcome": {
          "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
          "gas_burnt": 0,
          "logs": [],
          "receipt_ids": [],
          "status": {
            "SuccessValue": ""
          },
          "tokens_burnt": "0"
        },
        "proof": [
          {
            "direction": "Left",
            "hash": "9tcjij6M8Ge4aJcAa97He5nw8pH7PF8ZjRHVahBZD2VW"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "status": {
      "Failure": {
        "ActionError": {
          "index": 0,
          "kind": {
            "FunctionCallError": {
              "ExecutionError": "Smart contract panicked: The account doesn't have enough balance"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "transaction": {
      "actions": [
        {
          "FunctionCall": {
            "args": "eyJyZWNlaXZlcl9pZCI6ImRldi0xNjIzMzMzOTE2MzY4LTU4NzA3NDM0ODc4NTMzIiwiYW1vdW50IjoiMTAwMDAwMDAwMCIsIm1zZyI6InRha2UtbXktbW9uZXkifQ==",
            "deposit": "1",
            "gas": 100000000000000,
            "method_name": "ft_transfer_call"
          }
        }
      ],
      "hash": "FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB",
      "nonce": 47589658000031,
      "public_key": "ed25519:5UfEFyve3RdqKkWtALMreA9jzsAGDgCtwEXGNtkGeruN",
      "receiver_id": "dev-1623333795623-21399959778159",
      "signature": "ed25519:2cPASnxKtCoQtZ9NFq63fg8RzpjvmmE8hL4s2jk8zuhnBCD3AnYQ6chZZrUBGwu7WrsGuWUyohP1bEca4vfbsorC",
      "signer_id": "serhii.testnet"
    },
    "transaction_outcome": {
      "block_hash": "FwHUeqmYpvgkL7eBrUUAEMCuaQshcSy5vm4AHchebhK1",
      "id": "FQsh44pvEsK8RS9AbK868CmGwfhUU2pUrizkQ6wCWTsB",
      "outcome": {
        "executor_id": "serhii.testnet",
        "gas_burnt": 2428166952740,
        "logs": [],
        "receipt_ids": [
          "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo"
        ],
        "status": {
          "SuccessReceiptId": "83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo"
        },
        "tokens_burnt": "242816695274000000000"
      },
      "proof": []
    }
  }
}

Let's examine this response.

  • result » transaction_outcome » outcome » status » SuccessReceiptId is 83AdQ16bpAC7BEUyF7zoRsAgeNW7HHmjhZLvytEsrygo
  • check result » receipts_outcome » 0 » outcome » status and find Failure status there
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