NEAR CLI - NEAR Docs

The NEAR Command Line Interface (CLI) is a tool that enables you to interact with the NEAR network directly from the shell. Among other things, the NEAR CLI enables you to create and manage accounts, send tokens such as NEAR, FTs and NFTs, deploy smart contracts, call functions on those contracts, and manage access keys.

Installation

npm
Cargo
Mac and Linux (binaries)
Windows (binaries)

npm install -g near-cli-rs@latest

cargo install near-cli-rs

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/near/near-cli-rs/releases/latest/download/near-cli-rs-installer.sh | sh

irm https://github.com/near/near-cli-rs/releases/latest/download/near-cli-rs-installer.ps1 | iex

Configuration file

The directory with access keys and available connection networks are defined in the configuration file (near-cli/config.toml), which is located depending on the operating system in the following places:

macOS: $HOME/Library/Application Support (e.g. /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support)
Linux: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME or $HOME/.config (e.g. /home/alice/.config)
Windows: {FOLDERID_RoamingAppData} (e.g. C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming)

You can learn more about working with the configuration file here.

You can set up a custom RPC server by changing the rpc_url parameter in near-cli settings:

near config edit-connection testnet --key rpc_url --value https://archival-rpc.testnet.near.org/

Localnet configuration values

When setting up a localnet connection with near config add-connection, several optional fields can be configured. Most of them can be skipped or set to placeholder URLs — they are only used for specific commands and are not required for basic localnet usage.

Field	Purpose	Localnet recommendation
`rpc_url`	RPC endpoint for all blockchain interactions	`http://localhost:3030/`
`wallet_url`	Used to construct a URL for importing accounts from a Web wallet	Any URL (e.g. `http://localhost`) or a local wallet if available
`explorer_transaction_url`	Printed after a transaction is signed as `<url>/<tx-hash>`	Any URL (e.g. `http://localhost`) or omit
`linkdrop_account_id`	Account with the near-linkdrop contract, used by `account create-account fund-myself`	Can be skipped; use `testnet` as a placeholder if needed
`near_social_db_contract_account_id`	NEAR Social contract account, used for `account view-account-summary` and `account update-social-profile`	Can be skipped
`faucet_url`	Service that creates new accounts without requiring NEAR tokens, used by `account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service`	Can be skipped
`fastnear_url`	FastNEAR API for fetching staking pool delegations, used by `account view-account-summary`	Can be skipped
`staking_pools_factory_account_id`	Fallback to FastNEAR — queries all staking pools individually; used by `account view-account-summary`	Can be skipped
`mpc_contract_account_id`	MPC signing service contract, used to sign payloads and control other accounts	Can be skipped unless running a local MPC node

A minimal localnet connection requires only rpc_url. The other values are only needed when using the specific commands listed above.

near config add-connection \
  --network-name localnet \
  --connection-name localnet-sandbox \
  --rpc-url http://localhost:3030/ \
  --wallet-url http://localhost/ \
  --explorer-transaction-url http://localhost/

Interactive mode

To use the near-cli simply run the following in your terminal.

near

You should then see the following. Use the arrow keys and hit enter or simply type out one of the available options to select an option.

We provide examples only of the most used commands. Such commands may have two versions — a full one and a short one. If you want to explore all options provided by near-cli, use the interactive mode described above.

Account

This option will allow you to manage, control, and retrieve information on your accounts.

Summary

view-account-summary - view properties for an account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account view-account-summary $ACCOUNT_ID network-config testnet now

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near state $ACCOUNT_ID --networkId testnet

Import

import-account - import existing account (a.k.a. “sign in”).

Full
Short

near account import-account using-web-wallet network-config testnet

near login --networkId testnet

Export

export-account - export existing account.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account export-account $ACCOUNT_ID using-web-wallet network-config testnet

Create

create-account - create a new account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service $ACCOUNT_ID autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config testnet create

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near create-account $ACCOUNT_ID --useFaucet --networkId testnet

Delete

delete-account - delete an account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export BENEFICIARY_ID=alice.testnet

near account delete-account $ACCOUNT_ID beneficiary $BENEFICIARY_ID network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export BENEFICIARY_ID=alice.testnet

near delete-account $ACCOUNT_ID $BENEFICIARY_ID --networkId testnet

Keys

Generating, showing, adding and removing account keys. NEAR keys can use any of the supported signature schemes: ed25519 (default), secp256k1, or the post-quantum ml-dsa-65.

Generate a key pair

generate-keypair - create a fresh key pair offline, without touching an account or the network. Use --signature-scheme to choose the scheme (defaults to ed25519).

Ed25519
ML-DSA-65 (post-quantum)

# Print a new key pair to the terminal
near generate-keypair print-to-terminal

# ...or save it to a JSON file
near generate-keypair save-to-file ./my-key.json

# Print a new post-quantum key pair to the terminal
near generate-keypair --signature-scheme ml-dsa-65 print-to-terminal

# ...or save it to a JSON file
near generate-keypair --signature-scheme ml-dsa-65 save-to-file ./pq-key.json

Run in an interactive terminal without --signature-scheme and the CLI prompts you to pick a scheme; otherwise it defaults to ed25519. Unlike ed25519, ml-dsa-65 key pairs are generated randomly and have no seed phrase or implicit-account address — be sure to back up the saved key file.

List keys

list-keys - view a list of keys for an account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account list-keys $ACCOUNT_ID network-config testnet now

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near list-keys $ACCOUNT_ID --networkId testnet

Add key

add-key - add an access key to an account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account add-key $ACCOUNT_ID grant-full-access use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:CXqAs8c8kZz81josLw82RQsnZXk8CAdUo7jAuN7uSht2 network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near add-key $ACCOUNT_ID ed25519:CXqAs8c8kZz81josLw82RQsnZXk8CAdUo7jAuN7uSht2 --networkId testnet

Instead of providing a key, you can have the CLI autogenerate one and add it in a single step with autogenerate-new-keypair --signature-scheme <scheme>:

Ed25519
ML-DSA-65 (post-quantum)

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account add-key $ACCOUNT_ID grant-full-access autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account add-key $ACCOUNT_ID grant-full-access autogenerate-new-keypair --signature-scheme ml-dsa-65 save-to-keychain network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

The same --signature-scheme flag is available on the account create-account fund-myself and sponsor-by-faucet-service autogenerate flows. You can also add an externally generated ml-dsa-65:<base58> key through the use-manually-provided-public-key flow shown above. An ml-dsa-65 key has no implicit-account form — you can’t derive a new implicit account from one — but you can add it to any existing account, named or implicit, just like any other key.

Delete key

delete-keys - delete an access key from an account.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near account delete-keys $ACCOUNT_ID public-keys ed25519:HdkFZFEPoWfgrrLK3R4t5dWtNoLC8WymBzhCXoP3zrjh network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near delete-key $ACCOUNT_ID ed25519:HdkFZFEPoWfgrrLK3R4t5dWtNoLC8WymBzhCXoP3zrjh --networkId testnet

The interactive key picker only lists ed25519 and secp256k1 keys. A post-quantum ml-dsa-65 key is stored on-chain only as a hash, so its full public key can’t be read back from the network — to delete one, pass the full ml-dsa-65:<base58> key explicitly to the public-keys argument of near account delete-keys (the full command form shown above).

Gas keys

Gas keys are access keys with their own prepaid gas balance and up to 1,024 parallel nonces. The add-key command can create them through the grant-gas-key-full-access and grant-gas-key-function-call modes, and dedicated commands manage their balance and nonces. A gas key is always created empty — fund it with fund-gas-key before using it:

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet

# Create a full-access gas key with 8 parallel nonces
near account add-key $ACCOUNT_ID grant-gas-key-full-access --num-nonces 8 autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

# Transfer 5 NEAR from the account into the gas key's balance
near account fund-gas-key $ACCOUNT_ID ed25519:CXqAs8c8kZz81josLw82RQsnZXk8CAdUo7jAuN7uSht2 '5 NEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

# View the current nonce of each of the key's lanes
near account view-gas-key-nonces $ACCOUNT_ID ed25519:CXqAs8c8kZz81josLw82RQsnZXk8CAdUo7jAuN7uSht2 network-config testnet now

# Move 2 NEAR from the gas key's balance back to the account
near account withdraw-from-gas-key $ACCOUNT_ID ed25519:CXqAs8c8kZz81josLw82RQsnZXk8CAdUo7jAuN7uSht2 '2 NEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

To sign a transaction with a gas key, pass --nonce-index to the signing option to choose which nonce lane to use (defaults to lane 0):

near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID send-near alice.testnet '1 NEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain --nonce-index 3 send

Gas keys also work with meta transactions. The CLI signs as a delegate action when the selected network connection has a relayer configured (a meta_transaction_relayer_url, set on the connection with near config add-connection). Signing such a transaction with --nonce-index then produces a DelegateV2 delegate action bound to that nonce lane, which the relayer wraps and pays for.

Deleting a gas key burns any balance left on it, and fails if the balance exceeds 1 NEAR — withdraw first with withdraw-from-gas-key, then delete with the regular delete-keys command. Gas-key meta transactions are supported for all software signers; Ledger is the exception, since the device firmware cannot yet produce a DelegateV2 signature.

Tokens

This will allow you to manage your token assets such as NEAR, FTs and NFTs.

Send NEAR

send-near - transfers NEAR to a specified recipient in units of NEAR or yoctoNEAR.

Full
Short

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export RECEIVER_ID=alice.testnet
near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID send-near $RECEIVER_ID '0.5 NEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export RECEIVER_ID=alice.testnet

near send-near $ACCOUNT_ID $RECEIVER_ID 0.5 --networkId testnet

Send FT

send-ft - transfer Fungible Tokens to a specified user.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export RECEIVER_ID=alice.testnet
export FT_CONTRACT_ID=0c97251cd1f630c444dbusdt.testnet

near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID send-ft $FT_CONTRACT_ID $RECEIVER_ID amount-ft '1 USDT' prepaid-gas '100.0 Tgas' attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

Send NFT

send-nft - transfers NFTs between accounts.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export RECEIVER_ID=alice.testnet
export NFT_CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet

near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID send-nft $NFT_CONTRACT_ID $RECEIVER_ID 1 --prepaid-gas '100.0 Tgas' --attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

View NEAR balance

view-near-balance - view the balance of NEAR tokens.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID view-near-balance network-config testnet now

View FT balance

view-ft-balance - view the balance of Fungible Tokens.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export FT_CONTRACT_ID=0c97251cd1f630c444dbusdt.testnet
near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID view-ft-balance $FT_CONTRACT_ID network-config testnet now

View NFT balance

view-nft-assets - view the balance of NFT tokens.

export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
export NFT_CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet
near tokens $ACCOUNT_ID view-nft-assets $NFT_CONTRACT_ID network-config testnet now

Contract

This option allows you to manage and interact with your smart contracts.

Call

call-function - execute function (contract method).

Full
Short

# View method
export CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet
near contract call-function as-read-only $CONTRACT_ID nft_tokens json-args '{"from_index": "0", "limit": 2}' network-config testnet now

# Call method
export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near contract call-function as-transaction $CONTRACT_ID nft_mint json-args '{"metadata": {"copies": 1, "description": "The Team Goes", "media": "https://bafybeidl4hjbpdr6u6xvlrizwxbrfcyqurzvcnn5xoilmcqbxfbdwrmp5m.ipfs.dweb.link/", "title": "GO TEAM"}, "receiver_id": "bob.testnet", "token_id": "5895"}' prepaid-gas '100.0 Tgas' attached-deposit '0.1 NEAR' sign-as $ACCOUNT_ID network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

# View method
export CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet
near view $CONTRACT_ID nft_tokens '{"from_index": "0", "limit": 2}' --networkId testnet

# Call method
export ACCOUNT_ID=bob.testnet
near call $CONTRACT_ID nft_mint '{"metadata": {"copies": 1, "description": "The Team Goes", "media": "https://bafybeidl4hjbpdr6u6xvlrizwxbrfcyqurzvcnn5xoilmcqbxfbdwrmp5m.ipfs.dweb.link/", "title": "GO TEAM"}, "receiver_id": "bob.testnet", "token_id": "5896"}' --deposit 0.1 --useAccount $ACCOUNT_ID --networkId testnet

Deploy

deploy - add a new contract code.

Full
Short

export CONTRACT_ID=contract.testnet
near contract deploy $CONTRACT_ID use-file ../target/near/contract.wasm without-init-call network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

export CONTRACT_ID=contract.testnet
near deploy $CONTRACT_ID ../target/near/contract.wasm --networkId testnet

Inspect

inspect - get a list of available function names.

Full
Short

export CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet
near contract view-storage $CONTRACT_ID all as-text network-config testnet now

export CONTRACT_ID=nft.examples.testnet
near storage $CONTRACT_ID --finality final --utf8 --networkId testnet

Transaction

Operate transactions.

View status

view-status - view a transaction status.

Full
Short

near transaction view-status BFrVVtjqD2p1zYX1UCvn4nJpy7zPHpY5cTgQaKCZjBvw network-config testnet

near tx-status BFrVVtjqD2p1zYX1UCvn4nJpy7zPHpY5cTgQaKCZjBvw --networkId testnet

Config

Manage the connection parameters inside the config.toml file for near-cli. This will allow you to change or modify the network connections for your CLI.

Show connections

show-connections - show a list of network connections.

near config show-connections

Edit connection

edit-connection - edit a network connection.

near config edit-connection testnet --key rpc_url --value https://test.rpc.fastnear.com

We provide examples only of the most used commands. If you want to explore all options provided by near-cli, use the interactive mode.

Validators

You can use the following commands to interact with the blockchain and view validator stats. There are three reports used to monitor validator status:

Proposals
Current validators
Next validators

To use these commands, you must install the CLI validator extension.

Validator extension

If you want to interact with NEAR Validators from command line, you can install the NEAR Validator CLI Extension:

npm
Cargo
Mac and Linux (binaries)
Windows (binaries)

npm install -g near-validator

cargo install near-validator

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/near-cli-rs/near-validator-cli-rs/releases/latest/download/near-validator-installer.sh | sh

irm https://github.com/near-cli-rs/near-validator-cli-rs/releases/latest/download/near-validator-installer.ps1 | iex

Proposals

A proposal by a validator indicates they would like to enter the validator set. In order for a proposal to be accepted it must meet the minimum seat price.

near-validator proposals network-config mainnet

Current validators

This shows a list of active validators in the current epoch, the number of blocks produced, number of blocks expected, and online rate. Used to monitor if a validator is having issues.

near-validator validators network-config mainnet now

Next validators

This shows validators whose proposal was accepted one epoch ago, and that will enter the validator set in the next epoch.

near-validator validators network-config mainnet next

Staking

For validators, there’s also an option to stake NEAR tokens without deploying a staking pool smart contract.

View validator stake

To view the validator’s stake on the last block:

near-validator staking view-stake examples.testnet network-config testnet now

Stake directly without a staking pool

To stake the amount:

near-validator staking stake-proposal examples.testnet ed25519:AiEo5xepXjY7ChihZJ6AsfoDAaUowhPgvQp997qnFuRP '1500 NEAR' network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

Unstake directly without a staking pool

To unstake:

near-validator staking unstake-proposal examples.testnet ed25519:AiEo5xepXjY7ChihZJ6AsfoDAaUowhPgvQp997qnFuRP network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

​Installation

​Configuration file

​Localnet configuration values

​Interactive mode

​Account

​Summary

​Import

​Export

​Create

​Delete

​Keys

​Generate a key pair

​List keys

​Add key

​Delete key

​Gas keys

​Tokens

​Send NEAR

​Send FT

​Send NFT

​View NEAR balance

​View FT balance

​View NFT balance

​Contract

​Call

​Deploy

​Inspect

​Transaction

​View status

​Config

​Show connections

​Edit connection

​Validators

​Validator extension

​Proposals

​Current validators

​Next validators

​Staking

​View validator stake

​Stake directly without a staking pool

​Unstake directly without a staking pool

Installation

Configuration file

Localnet configuration values

Interactive mode

Account

Summary

Import

Export

Create

Delete

Keys

Generate a key pair

List keys

Add key

Delete key

Gas keys

Tokens

Send NEAR

Send FT

Send NFT

View NEAR balance

View FT balance

View NFT balance

Contract

Call

Deploy

Inspect

Transaction

View status

Config

Show connections

Edit connection

Validators

Validator extension

Proposals

Current validators

Next validators

Staking

View validator stake

Stake directly without a staking pool

Unstake directly without a staking pool